Heart failure in general and cardiac transplant patients with COVID-19

Table 3 Summary of management

Management of heart failure

We should know that the development of heart failure in COVID-19 patients can complicate management and worsen the prognosis; Chronic heart failure patients have adverse outcomes compared to new-onset heart failure patients; GDMT guided medical therapy should be used in heart failure with individualized patient decision making based on hemodynamic status and development of complications; Avoiding over diuresis to prevent kidney injury and hypoperfusion is necessary; Watching for signs of deterioration and shock with early initiation of vasopressors in mixed shock should be practiced; Cardiac arrhythmias and acute myocardial infarction are some major complications to look out for.; Advanced hemodynamic monitoring helps to guide management in these patients; Post-recovery cardiac, pulmonary rehabilitation with psychological support and nutritional interventions is necessary

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.