Telemonitoring in heart failure patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Showing the bias assessment of the primary studies

Ref.	The allocation sequence was random	The allocation sequence was adequately concealed	Participants aware of their assigned intervention	Interventions implementors were aware of participants’ assigned groups	Outcome data were available for all, or nearly all, participants randomized	Outcome measurement could have differed between groups	Outcome assessors were aware of the intervention received by participants	Data analysis plan was finalized before data were available for analysis
Nouryan et al[15], 2019	Yes	Probably yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Seto et al[16], 2012	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Weintraub et al[17], 2010	Probably yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Blum and Gottlieb[18], 2014	Probably yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Dansky et al[19], 2008	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Kashem et al[20], 2008	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Benatar et al[21], 2003	Probably yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Probably yes	No	No information	No information
Pedone et al[22], 2015	Probably yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Wade et al[23], 2011	Yes	No information	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information	No information
Comín-Colet et al[24], 2016	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information
Olivari et al[25], 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	Yes
Lyngå et al[26], 2012	Probably yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Scherr et al[27], 2009	Probably yes	No information	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information	No information
Antonicelli et al[28], 2008	Probably yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Probably yes	No	No information	No information
Giordano et al[29], 2009	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Ong et al[30], 2016	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Probably yes	No	No	Yes
Kalter-Leibovici et al[10], 2017	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Mortara et al[31], 2009	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Dar et al[32], 2009	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Vuorinen et al[33], 2014	Yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Goldberg et al[34], 2003	Yes	No information	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information	No information
Soran et al[35], 2008	Yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Chaudhry et al[36], 2010	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Koehler et al[13], 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	Yes
Cleland et al[14], 2005	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	Yes
Koehler et al[7], 2011	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	Yes
Kotooka et al[8], 2018	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Pekmezaris et al[9], 2019	Yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Villani et al[37], 2014	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Dendale et al[38], 2012	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information
Woodend et al[39], 2007	Yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Galinier et al[40], 2020	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Capomolla et al[41], 2004	Yes	No information	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information	No information
Kulshreshtha et al[42], 2010	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information	No information
Kenealy et al[43], 2015	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information
Dawson et al[44], 2021	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No information	No information
Delaney et al[45], 2013	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information
Schwarz et al[46], 2008	Yes	No information	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No information	No information