Telemonitoring in heart failure patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Summary of studies included in the meta-analysis

Ref.	Number of patients	Duration of follow-up (mo)	Country	Person responsible for monitoring telemedicine data	Frequency of measuring and transmitting vital signs	Frequency of clinicians reviewing data	Included telemonitoring patients’ education	Included control group patient education	Recruited patients ≥ 65 yr	Recruited recently discharged patients	Recruited frequently hospitalized patients
Nouryan et al[15], 2019	89	6	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Seto et al[16], 2012	100	6	Canada	Physician	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	No	No
Weintraub et al[17], 2010	188	3	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Blum and Gottlieb[18], 2014	156	27	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	No	No
Dansky et al[19], 2008	284	4	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	No	No
Kashem et al[20], 2008	48	12	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	No	No
Benatar et al[21], 2003	216	12	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Pedone et al[22], 2015	96	6	Italy	Physician	Daily	Daily	No	No	Yes	No	No
Wade et al[23], 2011	316	6	United States	Case manager	Daily	Daily	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Comín-Colet et al[24], 2016	178	6	Spain	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	Yes	No
Olivari et al[25], 2018	339	12	Italy	Non-clinician	Daily	Daily	No	No	Yes	No	No
Lyngå et al[26], 2012	319	12	Sweden	Nurse	Daily	3 d a week	No	No	No	No	No
Scherr et al[27], 2009	120	6	Austria	Physician	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	Yes	No
Antonicelli et al[28], 2008	57	12	Italy	Nurse	Weekly	Weekly	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Giordano et al[29], 2009	460	12	Italy	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	No	No
Ong et al[30], 2016	1437	6	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Kalter-Leibovici et al[10], 2017	1360	32	Isreal	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	No	No
Mortara et al[31], 2009	461	12	United Kingdom, Poland, and Italy	Nurse	Weekly	Weekly	No	No	No	No	No
Dar et al[32], 2009	182	6	United Kingdom	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	Yes	No
Vuorinen et al[33], 2014	94	6	Finland	Nurse	Weekly	Weekly	No	No	No	No	No
Goldberg et al[34], 2003	280	6	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	No	No
Soran et al[35], 2008	315	6	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	Yes	No	No
Chaudhry et al[36], 2010	1653	6	United States	Physician	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	Yes	No
Koehler et al[13], 2018	1571	12	Germany	Physician	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	No	No
Cleland et al[14], 2005	418	8	Germany, Netherlands, and United Kingdom	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Koehler et al[7], 2011	710	26	Germany	Physician	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	No	No
Kotooka et al[8], 2018	181	15	Japan	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	Yes	No
Pekmezaris et al[9], 2019	104	3	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Villani et al[37], 2014	80	12	Italy	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Dendale et al[38], 2012	160	6	Belgium	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	Yes	No
Woodend et al[39], 2007	121	3	Canada	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Galinier et al[40], 2020	937	18	France	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	No	No
Capomolla et al[41], 2004	133	12	Italy	Nurse	Daily	Daily	Yes	No	No	No	No
Kulshreshtha et al[42], 2010	150	6	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Kenealy et al[43], 2015	98	6	New Zealand	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	No	No
Dawson et al[44], 2021	1380	1	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Delaney et al[45], 2013	100	3	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	No	No	No
Schwarz et al[46], 2008	102	3	United States	Nurse	Daily	Daily	No	No	Yes	Yes	No