Conduction system disorders and electrocardiographic findings in COVID-19 deceased patients in 2021, Shiraz, Iran

Table 2 Electrocardiographic parameters in conduction system disease in COVID-19 deceased patients

ECG parameters		Patients without conduction system disorder (n = 317)	Patients with conduction system disorder (n = 108)	Univariate OR (95%CI for OR)	P value	Adjusted1 odds ratio (95%CI for OR)	P value
Fragmented QRS	Yes	53 (58.2)	38 (41.8)	2.63 (1.61-4.30)	< 0.001	2.27 (1.23, 4.16)	0.008
	No	268 (78.6)	73 (21.4)	1	-	1	-
ST-T change	Yes	125 (66.1)	64 (33.9)	2.14 (1.38-3.31)	0.001	1.81 (1.07, 3.08)	0.030
	No	196 (80.7)	47 (19.3)	1	-	1	-
Rhythm	Sinus rhythm	279 (76.2)	87 (23.8)	1	-	1	-
	AF	34 (63.0)	20 (37.0)	1.89 (1.03-3.45)	0.039	1.70 (0.78-3.71)	0.179
	Others	8 (66.7)	4 (33.3)	1.60 (0.47-5.45)	0.450	0.75 (0.15, 3.62)	0.700
Rate	Bradycardia (HR < 60)	5 (55.6)	4 (44.4)	2.10 (0.55-8.01)	0.279	1.67 (0.31-9.06)	0.554
	Normal (60 < HR < 100)	234 (72.4)	89 (27.6)	1	-	1	-
	Tachycardia (HR > 100)	82 (82.0)	18 (18.0)	0.58 (0.33-1.02)	0.057	0.55 (0.27, 1.09)	0.086
Axis deviation	Normal	283 (83.7)	55 (16.3)	1	-	1	-
	Left	14 (48.3)	15 (51.7)	5.51 (2.52-12.07)	< 0.001	3.74 (1.50-9.33)	0.005
	Right	24 (36.9)	41 (63.1)	8.79 (4.92-15.71)	< 0.001	7.67 (3.95-14.88)	< 0.001
QTc 1	< 500	211 (75.1)	70 (24.9)	1	-	1	-
	> 500	110 (73.3)	40 (26.7)	1.10 (0.70-1.72)	0.691	0.94 (0.53, 1.66)	0.819
QTc 2	Male ≤ 440 and female ≤ 460	300 (74.4)	103 (25.6)	1	-	Not included due to collinearity with the above variable
	Male > 440 and female > 460	21 (75.0)	9 (25.0)	0.97 (0.40-2.35)	0.948
QTd	< 40	45 (81.8)	10 (18.2)	1	-	1	-
	≥ 40	276 (73.2)	101 (26.8)	1.65 (0.80-3.39)	0.176	1.42 (0.58-3.47)	0.446
J wave	Yes	13 (68.4)	6 (31.6)	1.35 (0.50-3.65)	0.550	0.98 (0.28-3.49)	0.978
	No	308 (74.6)	105 (25.4)	1	-	1	-
U wave	Yes	32 (71.1)	13 (28.9)	1.20 (0.60-2.38)	0.605	1.10 (0.47, 2.63)	0.815
	No	289 (74.7)	98 (25.3)	1	-	1	-
Early repolarization	Yes	15 (83.3)	108 (26.1)	0.57 (0.16-2.00)	0.377	1.00 (0.26-3.93)	0.998
	No	306 (73.9)	108 (26.1)	1	-	1	-
T slope	< 30	12 (75.0)	4 (25.0)	1	-	1	-
	30-60	302 (74.6)	103 (25.4)	1.02 (0.32-3.24)	0.969	0.79 (0.21, 2.98)	0.728
	> 60	7 (63.6)	4 (36.4)	1.71 (0.32-9.11)	0.527	1.87 (0.249-14.01)	0.551
S1Q3T3	Yes	38 (61.3)	24 (38.7)	2.05 (1.17-3.61)	0.012	1.83 (0.92-3.64)	0.086
	No	283 (76.5)	87 (23.5)	1	-	1	-
Low voltage QRS	Yes	42 (85.7)	7 (14.3)	0.45 (0.20-1.03)	0.058	0.38 (0.14-1.05)	0.063
	No	279 (72.8)	104 (27.2)	1	-	1	-
PRP	Yes	121 (68.4)	56 (31.6)	1.68 (1.09-2.60)	0.019	1.32 (0.77-2.26)	0.317
	No	200 (78.4)	55 (21.6)	1	-	1	-

¹Adjusted for age, sex, underlying diseases, and other electrocardiography findings.

AF: Atrial fibrillation; HR: Heart rate; QTc: Corrected Q-T interval; QTd: Q-T interval dispersion; T slope: T-wave terminal slope; PRP: Poor R wave progression.