Potential for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the management of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

				Treatment group		Placebo group	Participants (n)		Mean age (yr)		Race (n)
Ref.	Duration (wk)	%male	%DM	SGLT2-I	Other therapy	Other therapy	SGLT2-I	Placebo	SGLT2-I	Placebo	White	Asian	Black
Bailey et al[25], 2013	102		100%	DAPA (2.5)	Metformin	Metformin	137	137	55.0 (9.3)	53.7 (10.3)
				DAPA (5)	Metformin		137		54.3 (9.4)
				DAPA (10)	Metformin		135		52.7 (9.9)
Bailey et al[24], 2015	102		100%	DAPA (2.5)	Metformin	Metformin	65	75	53.0 (11.7)	52.7 (10.3)
				DAPA (5)	Metformin		64		52.6 (10.9)
				DAPA (10)	Metformin		70		50.6 (10.0)
Bolinder et al[33], 2014	102	55.6%	100%	DAPA (10)		Placebo only	69	71	60.6 (8.2)	60.8 (6.9)	140	NR	NR
Brown et al[35], 2020	52	57.6%	100%	DAPA (10)		Placebo only	32	34	64.25 (7.01)	66.74 (6.62)
Gause-Nilsson 20141	104		100%	DAPA (10)	Insulin	Insulin	480	482
Jabbour et al[30], 2014	48	54.8%	100%	DAPA (10)	Sitagliptin, metformin	Sitagliptin, metformin	223	224	54.8 (10.4)	55.0 (10.2)	332	4	17
Zinman et al[5], 2015	102			DAPA (2.5)		Placebo only	625	785	57.5 (9.9)	56.9 (10.2)
				DAPA (5)			767		56.5 (10.1)
				DAPA (10)			859		56.0 (9.9)
List et al[39], 2009	12		100%	DAPA (2.5)		Placebo only	59	54	55 (11)	53 (11)
				DAPA (5)		Metformin	58	56	55 (12)	54 (9)
				DAPA (10)			47		54 (9)
				DAPA (20)			59		55 (10)
				DAPA (50)			56		53 (10)
Matthaei et al[34], 2015	52	49.2%	100%	DAPA (10)		Placebo only	108	108	61.1 (9.7)	60.9 (9.2)	206	NR	NR
McMurray et al[31], 2019	72	77%	45%	DAPA (10)		Placebo only	2373	2371	66.2 (11.0)	66.5 (10.8)	3333	1116	226
Qin et al[32], 2019	16		100%	DAPA (10)		Placebo only	22	12
				DAPA (10)	Saxagliptin		22
Rosenstock et al[26], 2012	48		100%	DAPA (5)	Pioglitazone	Pioglitazone	141	139	53.2 (10.9)	53.5 (11.4)
				DAPA (10)	Pioglitazone		140		53.8 (10.4)
Wilding et al[27], 2014	104		100%	DAPA (2.5)	Insulin, existing OAD	Insulin, existing OAD	202	193	59.8 (7.6)	58.8 (8.6)
				DAPA (5/10)2	Insulin, existing OAD		211		59.3 (7.9)
				DAPA (10)	Insulin, existing OAD		194		59.3 (8.8)
Anker et al[15], 2021	112	55%	49%	EMPA (10)		Placebo only	2997	2991	71.8 (9.3)	71.9 (9.6)	4542	824	258
Sone et al[36], 2020	52	72.6%	100%	EMPA (10)		Placebo only	86	90	58.3 (10.0)	59.1 (10.7)	NR	266	NR
				EMPA (25)			90		58.6 (9.5)
Rosenstock et al[37], 2015	78	56%	100%	EMPA (10)		Placebo only	169	170	58.6 (9.8)	58.1 (9.4)	343	98	48
				EMPA (25)			155		59.9 (10.5)
Rosenstock et al[38], 2014	52	45%	100%	EMPA (10)		Placebo only	186	188	56.7 (8.7)	55.3 (10.1)	531	NR	19
				EMPA (25)			189		58.0 (9.4)
Zinman et al[5], 2015	220	71.5%	100%	EMPA (10)		Placebo only	2345	2333	63.0 (8.6)	63.2 (8.8)	5081	1517	357
				EMPA (25)			2342		63.2 (8.6)

Data reported as mean (SD).

¹No baseline data reported for Gause-Nilsson 2014.

²5 for 48 wk, 10 for 56 wk.

NR: Not reported; OAD: Oral antidiabetic drugs; SGLT2-I: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; DM: Diabetes mellitus.