Clinical significance of prolonged chest pain in vasospastic angina

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	Short-duration	Long-duration	P value	Low-frequency	High-frequency	P value
No.	114	53		88	79
Age (yr)	67 ± 10	67 ± 11	0.8401	67 ± 11	68 ± 10	0.6669
Male/female	58/56	28/25	0.8142	40/48	46/33	0.0991
BMI (kg/m2)	24.3 ± 4.1	24.2 ± 3.6	0.7171	24.2 ± 3.8	24.5 ± 4.1	0.5697
Coronary risk factors (%)
Current smoker	24 (21)	9 (17)	0.5385	17 (19)	16 (20)	0.8796
Hypertension	81 (71)	38 (72)	0.9316	64 (73)	55 (70)	0.6578
Dyslipidemia	76 (67)	29 (58)	0.1368	56 (64)	49 (62)	0.8297
Diabetes mellitus	31 (27)	9 (17)	0.1501	19 (19)	23 (29)	0.1386
Alcohol consumption (%)	40 (35)	23 (43)	0.3025	34 (39)	29 (37)	0.7995
Family history of CAD (%)	26 (23)	10 (19)	0.5645	13 (15)	23 (29)	0.0244
CKD (%)	34 (30)	16 (30)	0.9619	21 (24)	29 (37)	0.0704
Taking statins (%)	50 (44)	20 (38)	0.4554	34 (39)	36 (46)	0.3646
LVEF on UCG (%)	66 ± 10	67 ± 9	0.5752	66 ± 9	67 ± 10	0.7165
FMD (%, n)	3.9 ± 3.1 (107)	3.4 ± 3.2 (51)	0.3200	3.9 ± 2.8 (82)	3.5 ± 3.5 (76)	0.4872
NID (%, n)	15.2 ± 7.0 (107)	14.5 ± 6.4 (51)	0.5795	14.8 ± 6.5 (82)	15.1 ± 7.1 (76)	0.8295

BMI: Body mass index; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; FMD: Flow-mediated dilation; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; NID: Nitroglycerin-induced dilation; UCG: Cardiac ultrasonography.