Forensic interrogation of diabetic endothelitis in cardiovascular diseases and clinical translation in heart failure

Figure 3 Theoretical bench to bedside flow chart for some commonly encountered clinical scenarios. ¹Cytoskeleton (e.g., Rho kinase activity), contractile apparatus (e.g., Titin phosphorylation), mitochondrial energetics, AGE. ²Ventricular atrial coupling; Microvasculature; Pericardial restraint; Chronotropic reserve. ADHF: Acute decompensated heart failure; AGE: Advanced glycation end products; ANP: Atrial natriuretic peptide; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; IL-1α: Interleukin 1 alpha; CRI: Chronic renal impairment/insufficiency; IS: Indoxyl sulphate; PBUT: Protein bound uremic toxins; PCS: P-cresyl sulphate; RAAS: Renin angiotensin aldosterone syndrome; SNSA: Sympathetic nervous system activity.