Copyright
©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2020; 12(8): 373-408
Published online Aug 26, 2020. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373
Published online Aug 26, 2020. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373
Figure 5 Mechanism of catestatin autocrine modulation of chromaffin cell in the adrenal medulla during sympathetic stimulation.
ACh: Acetylcholine; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; Ca2+: Calcium; ChgA: Chromogranin A; nAchR: Neuronal type of nicotinic cholinergic receptors; Na+: Sodium; NPY: Neuropeptide Y.
- Citation: Borovac JA, D'Amario D, Bozic J, Glavas D. Sympathetic nervous system activation and heart failure: Current state of evidence and the pathophysiology in the light of novel biomarkers. World J Cardiol 2020; 12(8): 373-408
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v12/i8/373.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373