Copyright
©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2020; 12(8): 373-408
Published online Aug 26, 2020. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373
Published online Aug 26, 2020. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373
Figure 4 Physiological and pathophysiological implications of endothelin-1 in circulation and on various cell types and adrenergic neurons.
ECE: Endothelin converting ezyme; ET-1: Endothelin-1; NE: Norepinephrine; NO: Nitric oxide; PGI2: Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2); VSMCs: Vascular smooth muscle cells.
- Citation: Borovac JA, D'Amario D, Bozic J, Glavas D. Sympathetic nervous system activation and heart failure: Current state of evidence and the pathophysiology in the light of novel biomarkers. World J Cardiol 2020; 12(8): 373-408
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v12/i8/373.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v12.i8.373