Autonomic neurocardiogenic syndrome is stonewalled by the universal definition of myocardial infarction

Figure 5 Systo-diastolic compression of a coronary artery segment with myocardial bridging. A, B, and C: Left anterior descending artery (LAD) during diastole (A) and systole (B) in the acute stage of takotsubo syndrome (TS) in a patient where contrast left ventriculography revealed mid-apical pattern of TS (C). During the acute stage of the disease: Note the diastolic and systolic compression of a segment of LAD with myocardial bridging (orange arrows) bordered by normal segments (Asterix) before and after the segment with myocardial bridging. D, E, and F: Four weeks later, there was complete relief of LAD compression during diastole (D, orange arrows) and only mild systolic compression (E, orange arrows) after normalization of left ventricular function (F). This indicates that the stunned myocardium was in a cramp state during the acute-subacute stage of TS. LAD: Left anterior descending artery.