Cardiovascular surgery in Turner syndrome - early outcome and long-term follow-up

Table 3 Echocardiographic data including aortic measurements (n = 39)

Echocardiographic and aortic measurements	mean ± SD/n (%)
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %	54 ± 5
Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, mm	45 ± 7
Left ventricular end-systolic dimension, mm	32 ± 4
Left ventricular mass index, g/m2	106 ± 24
Aortic valve annulus, mm	20 ± 2
Aortic valve annulus, Z score	0.6 (-0.3-1.1)
Aortic root/sinus of Valsalva, mm	33 ± 4
Aortic root/sinus of Valsalva, Turner-specific Z score	1.7 (0.7-2.9)
Aortic root/sinus of Valsalva, Turner-specific Z score > 2	21 (54%)
Aortic size index, cm/m2	2.5 ± 0.4
Aortic size index, ≥ 2.5 cm/m2	20 (51%)
Mid ascending aorta, mm	32 ± 4
Mid ascending aorta, Turner-specific Z score	1.2 (0.6-3.0)
Mid ascending aorta, Turner-specific Z score > 2	22 (56%)
Aortic size index, cm/m2	2.2 ± 0.3
Aortic size index, ≥ 2.5 cm/m2	22 (56%)