Carbon dioxide-angiography for patients with peripheral arterial disease at risk of contrast-induced nephropathy

Table 1 Risk factors for the development of contrast-induced nephropathy

Risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy
Increased age
Intravascular volume depletion
High volume or high osmolarity of contrast medium
Pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Diabetes with CKD
The use of medications, including: calcineurin inhibitors, aminoglycosides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors