Feasibility and safety of cryoballoon ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with congenital heart disease

Figure 1 Cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation in a patient with a sinus venosus atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. A: A 28-mm cryoballoon catheter (Arctic Front Advance, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) along with a circular mapping catheter (Achieve, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) introduced in its central lumen; B: The cryoballon is positioned at the ostium of the left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV) in a patient with a sinus venous atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. The circular mapping catheter is placed inside the proximal LIPV. Contrast injection reveals complete cryoballoon occlusion of the LIPV.