Feasibility and safety of cryoballoon ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with congenital heart disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

	n = 10
Age, yr	57.9 (48.2-61.7)
Female gender, n (%)	6 (60.0)
Type of congenital heart disease, n (%)
Simple	8 (80.0)
Atrial septal defect	6 (60.0)
Atrial and ventricular septal defects	1 (10.0)
Quadricuspid aortic valve with aortic stenosis	1 (10.0)
Moderate	2 (20.0)
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect with PAPVR	1 (10.0)
Aortic coarctation with persistent left superior vena cava	1 (10.0)
Age at repair, yr	44.3 (12.9-54.7)
Hypertension, n (%)	5 (50.0)
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	3 (30.0)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	1 (10.0)
Body mass index > 30 kg/m2, n (%)	2 (20.0)
Current smoker, n (%)	1 (10.0)
Coronary artery disease, n (%)	3 (30.0)
Symptoms/signs associated with atrial fibrillation, n (%)
Palpitations	10 (100.0)
Dyspnea	8 (80.0)
Congestive heart failure	2 (20.0)
Prior hospitalization for atrial fibrillation, n (%)	7 (70.0)
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %	60 (55-60)
Left atrial volume, mL/m2	34.5 (27.3-44.0)
Pattern of atrial fibrillation, n (%)
Paroxysmal	8 (80.0)
Persistent	2 (20.0)
Time from diagnosis of atrial fibrillation to procedure, yr	4.6 (0.9-10.3)
Number of antiarrhythmic drugs tried	2 (2-3)
Pharmacological therapy, n (%)
Antiarrhythmic drug	10 (100.0)
Beta-blockers	7 (70.0)
Amiodarone	3 (30.0)
Sotalol	2 (20.0)
Flecainide	2 (20.0)
Propafenone	1 (10.0)
Dofetilide	1 (10.0)
Dronedarone	1 (10.0)
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker	4 (40.0)
Anticoagulant	8 (80.0)
Diuretic	2 (20.0)

Continuous variables are expressed as median and interquartile range (25^th-75^th percentile). PAPVR: Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.