Impact of gout on in-hospital outcomes of acute coronary syndrome-related hospitalizations and revascularizations: Insights from the national inpatient sample

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of acute coronary syndrome hospitalizations without vs with gout (n = 3144744)

Variables	Without gout(n = 3039546)	With gout(n = 105198)	P value
Age (yr) at hospitalization			< 0.001a
mean (± SD)	66.9 (± 14.2)	71.3 (± 12.5)
18-44	171857 (5.7)	2337 (2.2)
45-64	1178621 (38.8)	28567 (27.2)
65-84	1288783 (42.4)	57054 (54.2)
≥ 85	400285 (13.2)	17240 (16.4)
Sex			< 0.001a
Male	1830228 (60.2)	77834 (74.0)
Female	1209120 (39.8)	27355 (26.0)
Race			< 0.001a
White	2102509 (75.4)	69431 (71.8)
African American	302121 (10.8)	14798 (15.3)
Hispanic	218605 (7.8)	4833 (5.0)
Asian and Pacific Islander	61156 (2.2)	4799 (5.0)
Native American	16624 (0.6)	394 (0.4)
Others	88091 (3.2)	2477 (2.6)
Admission type			< 0.001
Non-elective	2847182 (93.9)	98886 (94.1)
Elective	185903 (6.1)	6149 (5.9)
Median household income percentile for patient's zip code1			< 0.001a
0-25th	894564 (30.1)	29758 (28.8)
26-50th	807784 (27.2)	26606 (25.8)
51-75th	701363 (23.6)	24152 (23.4)
76-100th	566069 (19.1)	22637 (21.9)
Primary expected payer			< 0.001a
Medicare	1709250 (56.4)	72559 (69.1)
Medicaid	218428 (7.20)	4232 (4.0)
Private including HMO	803459 (26.5)	22757 (21.7)
Self-pay/no charge/others	301827 (10.0)	5433 (5.2)
Control/ownership of hospital			< 0.001a
Government, nonfederal	305519 (10.1)	9697 (9.3)
Private, non-profit	2258936 (74.7)	81175 (77.4)
Private, invest-own	459942 (15.2)	13962 (13.3)
Bed size of hospital			0.157
Small	351544 (11.6)	12101 (11.5)
Medium	767625 (25.4)	26387 (25.2)
Large	1905229 (63.0)	66346 (63.3)
Location/teaching status			< 0.001a
Rural	312292 (10.3)	10030 (9.6)
Urban non-teaching	1183544 (39.1)	37858 (36.1)
Urban teaching	1528562 (50.5)	56946 (54.3)
Region of hospital			< 0.001a
Northeast	575864 (18.9)	19077 (18.1)
Midwest	705042 (23.2)	24946 (23.7)
South	1219352 (40.1)	39502 (37.5)
West	539288 (17.7)	21672 (20.6)

^aP < 0.05 indicates clinical significance. The bed size cutoff points are derived from https://http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/vars/hosp_bedsize/nisnote.jsp.

¹Represents a quartile classification of the estimated median household income of residents in the patient’s ZIP Code, derived from https://http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/vars/zipinc_qrtl/nisnote.jsp. HMO: Health maintenance organization; SNF: Skilled nursing facility; ICF: Intermediate care facility.