Metabolic interplay between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation: The reverse Warburg effect and its therapeutic implication

Figure 2 Metabolic interplay between high glycolytic cells and mitochondrial OXPHOS cells via lactate shuttle: the black box indicates monocarboxylate transporter 1, and the white box indicates monocarboxylate transporter 4: The gray zone means the hypoxic condition. Through MCT1 and 4, energy metabolites such pyruvate and lactate go in and out between glycolytic and oxidative cells: two roles of energy fuel and maintenance for acid-base balance in tumor microenvironment. MCT: Monocarboxylate transporters; CAF: Carcinoma associated fibroblast.