Molecular basis of cleft palates in mice

Table 2 Classification of genes associated with cleft palate in mice

	Genes
Signaling pathway
TGF-beta signaling pathway	Acvr1/Alk2, Acvr2a, Bmp41, Bmp7, Bmpr1a/Alk3, Cdc42, Chrd, Crebbp/Cbp, Cited2, Foxc2/Mfh11, Foxd3, Foxe1/Titf2/Fkhl151, Foxf2, Fst, Inhba, Gdf11/Bmp11, Map3k7/Tak1, Pitx2, Smad4, Smad7, Tgfb21, Tgfb31, Tgfbr1/Alk51, Tgfbr21
Hedgehog signaling pathway	Bmp41, Bmp7, Crebbp/Cbp, Gli21, Gli31, Gsk3b, Ptch1/Ptc11, Shh1, Smo/Smoh, Wnt5a1, Wnt9b
Wnt signaling pathway	Acvr1/Alk2, Ctnnb1, Crebbp/Cbp, Edn11, Fzd2, Gsk3b, Lrp6, Map3k7/Tak1, Prickle1, Smad4, Smo/Smoh, Wnt5a1, Wnt9b
FGF signaling pathway	Fgf10, Fgf18, Fgf9, Fgfr11, Fgfr21, Grb2, Spry1, Spry2
MAPK signaling pathway	Cdc42, Chuk/Ikk1/Tcf16, Egfr, Fgf10, Fgf18, Fgf9, Fgfr11, Fgfr21, Grb2, Map3k7/Tak1, Pdgfra1, Tgfb21, Tgfb31, Tgfbr1/Alk51, Tgfbr21, Crk, Itgb1
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction	Acvr1/Alk2, Acvr2a, Bmp7, Bmpr1a/Alk3, Egfr, Inhba, Pdgfra1, Pdgfc1, Tgfb21, Tgfb31, Tgfbr1/Alk51, Tgfbr21, Vegfa
CBL mediated ligand- induced downregulation of EGF receptors	Egfr, Grb2, Pdgfra1
Sprouty regulation of tyrosine kinase signals	Egfr, Grb2, Spry2, Spry1
NFkB activation	Crebbp/Cbp, Chuk/Ikk1/Tcf16, Map3k7/Tak1, Smad4, Tgfbr1/Alk51, Tgfbr21
Adherens junction	Crebbp/Cbp, Ctnnb1, Cdc42, Egfr, Fgfr11, Map3k7/ Tak1, Smad4, Snai2, Tgfbr1/Alk51, Tgfbr21
Focal adhesion	Ctnnb1, Cdc42, Col2a11, Crk, Egfr, Gsk3b, Grb2, Itga5, Itgb1, Itgb8, Ilk, Pdgfra1, Pdgfc1, Vegfa
Steroid biosynthesis	Cyp51, Dhcr71, Sc5d/Sc5dl
Cell cycle	Crebbp/Cbp, Cdkn1c/p57kip21, Gsk3b, Smad4, Tgfb21, Tgfb31
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton	Cdc42, Crk, Egfr, Fgf9, Fgf10, Fgf18, Fgfr11, Fgfr21, Itga5, Itgb1, Itgb8, Pdgfra1, Pdgfc1
Axon guidance	Cdc42, Efna5, Efnb11, Efnb2, Gsk3b, Itgb1
Endocytosis	Cdc42, Egfr, Fgfr21, Pdgfra1, Tgfbr1/Alk51, Tgfbr21
Angiogenesis	Ctnnb1, Crk, Efnb11, Efnb2, Fgfr11, Fgfr21, Fzd2, Gsk3b, Grb2, Jag1, Jag2, Pdgfra1, Pdgfc1, Vegfa, Wnt5a1
Family
Homeobox protein	Alx11, Barx1, Alx31, Alx41, Dlx1, Dlx2, Dlx51, Gbx2, Gsc, Hoxa21, Msx11, Msx21, Pax9, Prrx11, Pitx11, Pitx2, Rax, Shox2, Vax11
Tgf-beta receptor type I and II	Acvr1/Alk2, Acvr2a, Bmpr1a, Tgfbr1/Alk51, Tgfbr21
Tgf-beta family	Bmp41, Bmp7, Gdf11, Inhba, Tgfb21, Tgfb31
Tyrosine protein kinase	Egfr, Fgfr11, Fgfr21, Pdgfra1, Ror21, Ryk
Ephrin	Efna5, Efnb11, Efnb2
Zinc finger protein	Gli21, Gli31, Zic31, Hic1, Snai2
Forkhead protein	Foxc21, Foxd3, Foxe11, Foxf2
T-box protein	Tbx11, Tbx2, Tbx221
Sox transcription factor	Sox5, Sox91, Sox11
Heparin-binding growth factor family member/FGF	Fgf9, Fgf10, Fgf18
Sprouty	Spry1, Spry2
Smad	Smad4, Smad7
Integrin beta subunit	Itgb1, Itgb8
Frizzled	Fzd2, Smo
Wnt related	Wnt5a1, Wnt9b
Serine-threonine protein kinase	Ilk, Mpa3k7/Tak1
LIM domain containing protein	Lhx81, Lhx7, Prickle1
EGF-like domain protein	Jag1, Jag2

¹Genes involved in human cleft lip and/or palate. TGF: Transforming growth factor; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; CBL: Casitas B-lineage lymphoma; EGF: Epidermal growth factor.