Multilevel complexity of calcium signaling: Modeling angiogenesis

Figure 1 Scheme showing the relationship between calcium signaling and endothelial cell migration and organization in tubules in vitro (tubulogenesis). Proangiogenic calcium signature triggers calcium-dependent machinery in single sparse endothelial cells (ECs). Calcium signature depends on the structural and functional state of any single cell (for the effect of cell shape, see 40: this event promotes migration during the early tubulogenic phases (tubulogenesis I and II; bottom-up effect). In mature tubules (tubulogenesis III) proangiogenic calcium machinery in ECs is inhibited (top-down effect).