Molecular genetics of early-onset colorectal cancer

Table 3 Early-onset colorectal cancer biomarkers

Name	Type	Description
mSEPT9	Methylation, DNA	Blood-based biomarker used in Epi proColon® or both EOCRC and LOCRC[112]
miR-193a-5p, miR-210, miR-513a-5p, miR-628-3p	miRNAs	miRNA in serum, panel works for both EOCRC and LOCRC[75]
Sat2, LINE-1, Alu	Methylation, DNA	DNA repetitive elements with increased methylation in EOCRC in white blood cells[62]
miR-31-5p, DMD	miRNA, mRNA	Transcripts uniquely overexpressed in sporadic EOCRC tumor vs normal and not in LOCRC. miR-3105p targets DMD and it's downregulated in EOCRC[116]
MYC	mRNA	Transcription factor with increased tumor expression in EOCRCs may subset patients into distinct groups[50,69]

EOCRC: Early-onset colorectal cancer; LOCRC: Later-onset colorectal cancer; miRNA: microRNAs.