Incidence of surgical site infection in minimally invasive colorectal surgery

Table 1 Clinical characteristics, n (%)

	LACS (n = 112)	RACS (n = 134)	P value
Age (yr)	64 (56, 70)	66 (58, 72)	0.105
Sex			0.590
Male	78 (69.6)	89 (66.4)
Female	34 (30.4)	45 (33.6)
BMI			0.334
< 24	76 (67.9)	83 (61.9)
≥ 24	36 (32.1)	51 (38.1)
Lesion site			0.925
Colon	57 (50.9)	69 (51.5)
Rectum	55 (49.1)	65 (48.5)
ASA			0.188
Ⅰ–Ⅱ	98 (87.5)	109 (81.3)
Ⅲ–Ⅳ	14 (12.5)	25 (18.7)
Hypertension			0.407
No	71 (63.4)	78 (558.2)
Yes	41 (36.6)	56 (41.8)
Diabetes mellitus			0.415
No	100 (89.3)	115 (85.8)
Yes	12 (10.7)	19 (14.2)
Hyperlipidemia			0.291
No	79 (70.5)	86 (64.2)
Yes	33 (29.5)	48 (35.8)
Smoking history			0.919
No	99 (88.4)	119 (88.8)
Yes	13 (11.6)	15 (11.2)
History of abdomen surgery			0.534
No	84 (75.0)	105 (78.4)
Yes	28 (25.0)	29 (21.6)
Previous operation except abdomen surgery			0.801
No	82 (73.2)	100 (74.6)
Yes	30 (26.8)	34 (25.4)
Tumor marker			0.730
Normal	93 (83.0	109 (81.3)
Abnormal	19 (17.0)	25 (18.7)
Liver function			0.599
Normal	107 (95.5)	126 (94.0)
Abnormal	5 (4.5)	8 (6.0)
Albumin			0.366
≥ 40	63 (56.3)	83 (61.9)
< 40	49 (43.8)	51 (38.1)
Preoperative CRP			0.687
Normal	82 (73.2)	95 (70.9)
Abnormal	30 (26.8)	39 (29.1)
Uric acid			0.109
Normal	98 (87.5)	107 (79.9)
Abnormal	14 (12.5)	27 (20.1)
Recent weight loss			0.378
No	85 (75.9)	95 (70.9)
Yes	27 (24.1)	39 (29.1)
Neoadjuvant therapy			0.054
No	101 (90.2)	129 (96.3)
Yes	11 (9.8)	5 (3.7)

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CRP: Creactive protein; LACS: Laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery; RACS: Robot-assisted colorectal surgery.

Table 2 Surgery results, n (%)

	LACS (n = 112)	RACS (n = 134)	P value
Pathology
Benign	49 (43.8)	47 (35.1)	0.165
Malignant	63 (56.3)	87 (64.9)
Method of anastomosis			0.848
Intracorporeal	63 (56.2)	77 (57.5)
Extracorporeal	49 (43.8)	57 (42.5)
Incision length	(66, 6)	6 (5, 6)	0.549
Intraoperative blood loss			< 0.001
< 100 mL	62 (55.4)	115 (85.8)
≥ 100 mL	50 (44.6)	19 (14.2)
Operation time	243 (212, 305)	281 (239, 317)	0.004
Time of postoperative intake (d)	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 3)	0.783
SSI			0.887
No	92 (82.1)	111 (82.8)
Yes	20 (17.9)	23 (17.2)

LACS: Laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery; RACS: Robot-assisted colorectal surgery; SSI: Surgical site infection.

Table 3 Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection, n (%)

	Non-SSI (n = 203)	SSI (n = 43)	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex
Male	136 (76.0)	31 (72.1)	Ref
Female	6 (33.0)	12 (27.9)	0.786	0.380-1.627	0.516
Age	65 (57, 71)	64 (57, 72)	1.006	0.976-1.037	0.697
BMI
< 24	134 (66.0)	25 (58.1)	Ref
≥ 24	69 (34.0)	18 (41.9)	1.398	0.714-2.738	0.328
Pathology
Benign	80 (39.4)	16 (37.2)	Ref
Malignant	123 (60.6)	27 (62.8)	1.098	0.556-2.165	0.788
Lesion site
Colon	110 (54.2)	16 (37.2)	Ref
Rectum	93 (45.8)	27 (62.8)	1.996	1.014-3.929	0.045
ASA
Ⅰ–Ⅱ	172 (84.7)	35 (81.4)	Ref
Ⅲ–Ⅳ	31 (15.3)	8 (18.6)	1.268	0.538-2.991	0.587
Hypertension
No	125 (61.6)	24 (55.8)	Ref
Yes	78 (38.4)	19 (44.2)	1.269	0.652-2.467	0.483
Diabetes mellitus
No	184 (90.6)	31 (72.1)	Ref
Yes	19 (9.4)	12 (27.9)	3.749	1.656-8.484	0.002
Hyperlipidemia
No	140 (69.0)	25 (58.1)	Ref
Yes	63 (31.0)	18 (41.9)	1.600	0.815-3.142	0.172
Smoking history
No	178 (87.7)	40 (93.0)	Ref
Yes	25 (12.3)	3 (7.0)	0.534	0.154-1.856	0.324
History of abdomen surgery
No	160 (78.8)	29 (67.4)	Ref
Yes	43 (21.2)	14 (32.6)	1.796	0.873-3.695	0.111
Previous operation except abdomen surgery
No	151 (74.4)	31 (72.1)	Ref
Yes	52 (25.6)	12 (27.9)	1.124	0.538-2.349	0.756
Tumor marker
Normal	167 (82.3)	35 (81.4)	Ref
Abnormal	36 (17.7)	8 (18.6)	1.060	0.454-2.477	0.892
Liver function
Normal	194 (95.6)	39 (90.7)	Ref
Abnormal	9 (4.4)	4 (9.3)	2.211	0.648-7.541	0.205
Preoperative albumin
≥ 40	124 (61.1)	22 (51.2)	Ref
< 40	79 (38.9)	21 (48.8)	1.498	0.773-2.902	0.231
Uric acid
Normal	166 (81.8)	39 (90.7)	Ref
Abnormal	37 (18.2)	4 (9.3)	0.460	0.155-1.367	0.162
Recent weight loss
No	153 (75.4)	27 (62.8)	Ref
Yes	50 (24.6)	16 (37.2)	1.813	0.904-3.637	0.094
Neoadjuvant therapy
No	193 (95.1)	37 (86.0)	Ref
Yes	10 (4.9)	6 (14.0)	3.130	1.072-9.138	0.037
Method of anastomosis
Intracorporeal	120 (59.1)	20 (46.5)	Ref
Extracorporeal	83 (40.9)	23 (53.5)	1.663	0.858-3.221	0.132
Incision length	6 (5, 7)	6 (6, 6)	1.429	1.126-1.815	0.003
Intraoperative blood loss
< 100 mL	155 (76.4)	22 (51.2)	Ref
≥ 100 mL	48 (23.6)	21 (48.8)	3.082	1.562-6.084	0.001
Operation time	260 (215, 312)	301 (243, 334)	1.005	1.001-1.009	0.006
Time of postoperative intake (d)	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 3)	1.241	0.737-2.091	0.416
Preoperative CRP
Normal	147 (72.4)	30 (69.8)	Ref
Abnormal	56 (27.6)	13 (30.2)	1.137	0.554-2.337	0.726
Surgery approach
LACS	92 (45.3)	20 (46.5)	Ref
RACS	111 (54.7)	23 (53.5)	0.953	0.493-1.844	0.887

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CRP: Creactive protein; LACS: Laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery; RACS: Robot-assisted colorectal surgery; SSI: Surgical site infection.