Recent advances in the management of rectal cancer: No surgery, minimal surgery or minimally invasive surgery

Table 1 Publications of “no surgery” for rectal cancer including minimum 20 patients in their study (2006-2016)

Ref.	No. of patients	Local recurrence (%)	Systemic recurrence	%undergoing salvage surgery	Disease free survival	Overall survival %
Habr-Gama et al[23]	90 (183)	28/90	14%	93	68	91 at 5 yr
Maas et al[24]	21	1/21	0	100	93	91 at 2 yr
Smith et al[25]	32	6/32	3/32	NA	88	96 at 2 yr
Araujo et al[26]	42	5/42	7/42	80	60.9	71.6 at 5 yr
Renehan et al[35]	129	44/129	3	36/41	88	96 at 3 yr

NA: Not reported.