Resection of complex pancreatic injuries: Benchmarking postoperative complications using the Accordion classification

Table 2 Demographic and clinical data for patients with and without complications

	Total (n = 130)	Those with complications (n = 95)	Those without complications (n = 35)	P-value
Age (yr), median (range)	26 (13-73)	28 (13-73)	24 (15-59)	0.0064a
Mechanism of injury
GSW	88 (67.7%)	63 (66.3%)	25 (71.43%)	0.6490c
Stab	7 (5.4%)	6 (6.3%)	1 (2.86%)
Blunt	35 (26.9%)	26 (27.3%)	9 (25.71%)
Hospital stay, median (range)	8 (1-255)	23 (1-255)	9 (5-58)	0.0000a
ICU stay	77 (59.23%)	68 (71.58%)	9 (25.71%)	0.0000b
Number ICU days, median (range)	3 (0-153)	4 (0-153)	3 (0-7)	0.0000a
RTS
< 7.8	49 (37.69%)	44 (46.32%)	5 (14.29%)	0.001b
7.8	81 (62.3%)	51 (53.68%)	30 (85.71%)
Patients shocked on admission (n, %)	46 (35.4%)	42 (44.21%)	4 (11.43%)	0.001b
Patients who received a blood transfusion (n, %)	103 (79.2%)	79 (83.16%)	24 (68.57%)	0.069b
Units of blood transfused, median units (range)	84.5 (0-124a)	8 (0-124)	2 (0-28)	0.0000a
Damage control surgery	30 (23.1%)	27 (28.42%)	3 (8.57%)	0.0176b
Pancreatic injury site
Head and neck of pancreas	24 (18.5%)	20 (21.05%)	4 (11.43%)	0.0443c
Body of pancreas	57 (43.8%)	44 (46.32%)	13 (37.14%)
Tail of pancreas	49 (37.7%)	31(32.63%)	18 (51.43%)
AAST
Grade 3	107 (82.3%)	74 (77.89%)	33 (94.28%)	0.0297c
Grade 4	4 (3.1%)	3 (3.16%)	1 (2.86%)
Grade 5	19 (14.6%)	18 (18.95%)	1 (2.86%)
Associated abdominal injuries
Nil (isolated injury)	14 (10.8%)	10 (10.53%)	4 (11.43%)	0.8833c
1 or 2 organs injured	51 (39.2%)	37 (38.95%)	14 (40%)
3 or more injured	65 (50%)	48 (50.53%)	17 (48.57%)
Associated injured organs
Liver	53 (40.7%)	40 (42.11%)	13 (37.14%)	0.6109
Kidney	53 (40.7%)	34 (35.79%)	19 (54.29%)	0.0579
Spleen	52 (40%)	39 (41.05%)	13 (37.14%)	0.6876
Stomach	49 (37.7%)	32 (33.68%)	17 (48.57%)	0.1217
Diaphragm	38 (29.2%)	28 (29.47%)	10 (28.57%)	0.9204
Colon	32 (24.6%)	27 (28.42%)	5 (14.29%)	0.0983
Duodenum	22 (16.9%)	20 (21.05%)	2 (5.71%)	0.0393a
Pancreatic resection type
Pancreaticoduodenectomy	20 (15.4%)	19 (20%)	1 (2.86%)	0.0004c
Distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy	95 (73%)	70 (73.68%)	25 (71.4%)
Distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation	15 (11.5%)	6 (6.32%)	9 (25.7%)
Associated vascular injuries	24 (18.5%)	24 (25.26%)	0 (0%)	0.001b
Patients who had a repeat laparotomy (n, %)	58 (44.6%)	55 (57.89%)	3 (8.57%)	0.0000b
No. of repeat laparotomies done, median (range)	0 (1-10)	1 (0-10)	0 (0-1)	0.0000a
Death	19 (14.62%)	19 (20%)	0 (0%)	0.004b

^aWRS: Wilcoxon rank sum;

^bCS: χ²;

^cKW: Kruskal-wallis. RTS: Revised trauma score; GSW: Gunshot wound.