Delayed gastric emptying following pancreaticoduodenectomy: Incidence, risk factors, and healthcare utilization

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of overall study population and patients with or without delayed gastric emptying

	Overall (n = 276)	No DGE group (n = 227)	DGE Group (n = 49)	P values
Age	63.2 ± 11.92	62.9 ± 11.95	64.6 ± 11.77	0.348
Gender				0.339
Male	135 (48.9%)	108 (47.6%)	27 (55.1%)
Female	141 (51.1%)	119 (52.4%)	22 (44.9%)
Co-morbid conditions
HTN	147 (53.3%)	119 (52.4%)	28 (57.1%)	0.568
COPD	13 (4.7%)	11 (4.8%)	2 (4.1%)	1
DM	67 (24.3%)	58 (25.6%)	9 (18.4%)	0.288
CRI	8 (2.9%)	6 (2.6%)	2 (4.1%)	0.635
History of pancreatitis	42 (15.2%)	36 (15.9%)	6 (12.2%)	0.557
History of ETOH use	122 (44.2%)	102 (44.9%)	20 (40.8%)	0.702
History of tobacco use	57 (20.7%)	49 (21.6%)	8 (16.3%)	0.390
BMI (mean ± SD)	26.7 ± 7.1	27.1 ± 7.28	25.6 ± 6.91	0.226
Presenting symptoms
Weight loss	140 (50.7%)	115 (50.7%)	25 (51.0%)	0.921
Anorexia	29 (10.5%)	24 (10.6%)	5 (10.2%)	0.873
Early satiety	17 (6.2%)	16 (7.0%)	1 (2.0%)	0.323
Nausea	83 (30.1%)	74 (32.6%)	9 (18.4%)	0.058
Vomiting	43 (15.6%)	40 (17.6%)	3 (6.1%)	0.048
Jaundice	122 (44.2%)	103 (45.4%)	19 (38.8%)	0.419
Preop albumin	4.0 ± 0.60	4.0 ± 0.59	3.8 ± 0.62	0.038
Preop total bilirubin	2.5 ± 4.29	2.7 ± 4.49	1.8 ± 3.11	0.139
Preop hemoglobin	12.8 ± 1.85	12.8 ± 1.87	12.7 ± 1.76	0.734
Preop Cr > 1.2	40 (14.5%)	31 (13.7%)	9 (18.4%)	0.378

DGE: Delayed gastric emptying; HTN: Hypertension; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CRI: Chronic renal insufficiency; ETOH: Ethanol; BMI: Body mass index; Preop: Pre-operative; Cr: Creatinine.