Surgically treated diaphragmatic perforation after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients

Case	Age/sex	Tumor location/size (mm)	Time from RFA to DP/DH (mo)	Underlying liver disease/CP sore	Previous intractable pleural effusion	Herniation viscera	Symptom	Treatment for DP/DH	Prognosis after DP/DH treatment
1	49/M	S4/17	17	Alcoholic-LC	Absent	Absent	Absent	Surgical repair (laparotomy)	2 yr
				Child A					alive
2	79/F	S8/19	9	HCV-LC	Present	Present (small intestine)	Abdominal pain	Surgical repair (laparotomy)	3 yr
				Child B					alive
3	68/M	S8/26	21	HCV-LC	Present	Present (mesenteric fat)	Abdominal pain	Surgical repair (laparotomy)	6 mo
				Child C					died by LF
4	70/F	S6/23	8	HCV-LC	Present	Present (large intestine)	Dyspnea	Surgical repair and colectomy (laparotomy)	4 yr
				Child C					died by LF
5	65/M	S8/21	16	HCV-LC	Absent	Present (Large intestine)	Abdominal pain	Surgical repair (laparotomy)	2 yr
				Child B					died by LF
6	76/F	S8/20	6	HCV-LC	Absent	Absent	Absent	Surgical repair (laparotomy)	4 yr
				Child A					alive

LC: Liver cirrhosis; LF: Liver failure; CP score: Child-Pugh score; DP: Diaphragmatic perforation; DH: Diaphragmatic hernia.