Aspirin use for primary prophylaxis: Adverse outcomes in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 3 Multivariate analyses of the outcomes in aspirin users vs non users

Group	No anti-thrombotics n = 263	Aspirin n = 94	P value	Crude OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Mortality	36 (13.7)	2 (2.1)	0.002	0.14 (0.03-0.58)	0.15 (0.03-0.64)
Hospital stay (d)	7.0 (10.3)	4.9 (3.5)	0.01
Mean (SD)
Complications-Thrombo-embolic	3 (1.1)	3 (3.2)	0.19	2.86 (0.57- 14.41)	4.79 (0.77-29.96)
Complications-infection1	40 (15.2)	14 (14.9)	0.94	0.98 (0.50-1.89)	0.90 (0.45-1.81)
Complications-respiratory2	15 (5.7)	3 (3.2)	0.42	0.55 (0.15-1.93)	0.58 (0.15-2.19)
Complications-myocardial infarction	3 (1.1)	1 (1.1)	1	0.93 (0.10-9.07)	0.68 (0.07-6.79)
Complications-renal failure	30 (11.4)	9 (9.6)	0.63	0.82 (0.38-1.80)	0.68 (0.30-1.55)
Complications-DIC	7 (2.7)	0 (0.0)	0.2
All in hospital complications	79 (30.0)	26 (27.7)	0.66	0.89 (0.53-1.50)	0.76 (0.43-1.32)
Composite outcome3	63 (24.0)	10 (10.6)	0.01	0.38 (0.19-0.77)	0.42 (0.20-0.89)
Severe hemorrhage	97 (36.9)	37 (39.4)	0.67	1.11 (0.69-1.80)	1.18 (0.70-1.99)
Re-bleeding	5 (5.3)	27 (10.3)	0.15	0.49 (0.18-1.32)	0.42 (0.15-1.19)

¹Complications-infection composite: Including pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infection, skin infection;

²Complications-respiratory composite: Including ARDS and mechanical ventilation;

³Composite outcome include mortality, severe bleeding, re-bleeding, need for surgery or embolization. Severe hemorrhage was defined as BP < 90 mmHg, HR > 120 b/min, Hb < 7 g/dL on presentation, or transfusion of > 3 units of blood during hospitalization; rebleeding was defined as recurrence of hematemesis, coffee ground emesis, or melena occurring after 24 h from initial endoscopic evaluation and/or hemostatic therapy and initial stabilization, accompanied by either a decrease in hemoglobin concentration of at least 2 g/L or change in vital signs. P < 0.05 is considered significant. Aspirin: Aspirin only; No anti-thrombotics: Including clopidogrel, coumadin, heparin, ticlopedine and dypiradamole; OR: Odds ratio; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation.