Critical appraisal of laparoscopic vs open rectal cancer surgery

Table 5 Prognostic factors of overall survival: Univariate and multivariate analysis

Variable	5 yr overall survival (%)	Univariate P value	Overall survival HR (95%CI)	Multivariate P value
Age ≥ 65 vs < 65	50.9 vs 68.3	< 0.0011	1.4557 (1.083-1.9568)	0.0032
Gender (male vs female)	60.6 vs 60	0.921	-	-
Lap vs converted vs open	70.5 vs 61.8 vs 52.7	0.0161	-	0.148
ASA 1/2 vs 3/4	62.6 vs 45.7	0.0161	-	0.131
NeoadjChemo (yes vs no)	59.5 vs 60.4	0.36	-	-
NeoadjRT (yes vs no)	66.7 vs 60.2	0.654	-	-
AdjChemo (yes vs no)	40.8 vs 70.5	< 0.0011	-	0.06
AdjRT (yes vs no)	53.2 vs 62.3	0.206	-	-
TNM stage (I-IV)		< 0.0011		< 0.0012
Stage I	77.2		Reference
Stage II	73.8		1.04 (0.58-1.84)	0.907
Stage III	60.3		1.52 (0.89-2.58)	0.124
Stage IV	13.9		5.80 (3.26-10.33)	< 0.001
Tumor grade		0.0021		0.0152
Well differentiated	75		Reference
Moderately differentiated	60.1		2.10 (1.00-4.40)	0.049
Poorly differentiated	39.1		1.18 (0.54-2.54)	0.682
CRM < 2 mm vs > 2 mm	40.1 vs 63.5	< 0.0011	1.66 (1.19-2.32)	0.0032
No. of lymph nodes ≥ 12 vs < 12	62.2 vs 56.1	0.08	-	-
Perineural invasion	36.2 vs 67.3	< 0.0011	-	0.276
Vascular emboli	46.2 vs 68.5	< 0.0011	-	0.14
Clinical symptoms of obstruction at presentation (yes vs no)	35.3 vs 64.6	< 0.0011	1.95 (1.39-2.74)	< 0.0012

¹Denotes statistically significant results on univariate analysis;

²Denotes statistically significant results on multivariate analysis.