Duodenal injury post laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Incidence, mechanism, management and outcome

Table 2 Literature review on duodenal injury post laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Surgery details and outcome

Series	Site of injury	Cause of injury	Nature of surgery	Day of detection and outcome
Modi et al[8]	D1/D2 junction	BlDis-1	Conservative - US guided aspiration of collection = 1	2nd day - survived
Jing et al[9]	D1 = diverticulum	NA	Conservative - percutaneous drain = 1	4th day - survived
Yajima et al[26]	NA	NA	NA	NA
Testini et al[6]	D2A-2	BlDis-2	Duodenorapphy + t tube = 2	Immed-day 0 - survived
	D2B-2	Caut-3	Petzer t tube = 1	1st day = survived
	D3-1		Gastric resection = 1	3rd day = survived
			Whipple resection = 1	4th day = survived
				5th day = died
Singh et al[10]	NA	Bl Dis-3	Duodenorapphy = 3	Immed-day 0 - survived
				Immed-day 0 - survived
				2nd day = survived
Avrutis et al[24]	NA	NA	NA	NA
Kwon et al[11]	NA	Bl Dis-2	Laparoscopic Endo GI closure = 1
			Laparoscopic intracorporeal suturing = 1	Day of injury = NA
				Survived
El-Banna et al[7]	NA	Caut-4	Precutaneous drain = 1	Immed-day 0 - died
			Gastrectomy + duodenostomy = 2	3rd day = survived
			Serosal patch = 1	4th day = died
				4th day = died
Bishoff et al[30]	NA	Bl Dis- scissors	Laparotomy duodenorapphy = 1	NA
Croce et al[12]	D1 = 2	Retraction = 3	Laparoscopic - intracorporeal suturing = 2	Immed-day 0 = survived
	D2 = 2	Caut = 1	Laparotomy = duodenorapphy + omental patch	Immed-day 0 = survived
			Relaproscopy = missed injury, conservative (NPO/TPN/somataostatin) = 1	2nd day = survived
				2nd day = survived
Roviaro et al[13]	NA	NA	NA	NA
Huang et al[14]	NA	NA	NA	NA
Wherry et al[2]	NA	NA	NA	Day of injury = NA
				Survived = 3
				Died = 1
Schrenk et al[15]	NA	Caut = 1	Duodenorapphy = 2	Immed-day 0 = survived
		Bl Dis = 1		Immed-day 0 = survived
Chen et al[17]	NA	NA	NA	NA
Kum et al[16]	NA	Caut = 1	Laparoscopy + duodenorapphy = 1	Immed-day 0 = survived
Cala et al[19]	NA	NA	NA	NA
Baev et al[20]	NA	NA	Laparotomy + duodenorapphy = 1	NA
Yamashita et al[21]	NA	Retraction	Laparotomy + duodenorapphy = 1	Immed-day 0 = survived
Berry et al[25]	D2A	Caut = 1	T tube duodenostomy + pyloric exclusion + gastrojejunostomy	6th day = survived
Ward et al[18]	NA	NA	NA	NA
Ress et al[4]	NA	Caut = 2	Laparoscopy + serosal tear repair	Immed = day 0 = survived
		Bl dis = 1	Laparotomy + duodenorapphy = 2	Ist day = 1 = survived
				4th day = 1 = died
Deziel et al[5]	NA	NA	Laparotomy = 12 (details NA)	Day of injury = NA
				Survived = 11
				Died = 1
Peters et al[23]	NA	NA	NA	NA

D1: Superior flexure; D2A: Above duodenal papilla; D2B: Below duodenal papilla; D3: Inferior flexure; Bl Dis: Blunt dissection; Caut: Electrocautery; NA: Not available; US: Ultrasound abdomen; GI: Gastrointestinal; Immed: Immediate (on table detection); NPO: Nil per oral; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition.