Role of frailty and sarcopenia in predicting outcomes among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Table 3 Complies the characteristics of all trials which evaluated frailty in patients undergoing hepato-pancreatico-biliary resections

Ref.	Country	Quality score1	Study design	Sample size	Age (yr)	Male sex (%)	Surgery type	Parameter used to define frailty	Postoperative complication rate	Follow-up (mo)	30-d morbidity (%)	30-d mortality (%)	1-yr OS (%)	5-yr OS (%)	Outcome parameter	Frailty/outcome (OR)
Harimoto et al[40]	Japanese	6	R	186	67	40	Partial hepatectomy HCC	L3 muscle area	NR	60	NR	NR	NR	71	5 yr survival	OR = 0.9; 95%CI: 0.84-093, P = 0.002
van Vledder et al[41]	The Netherlands	5	R	196	65	61	Liver resection for CRLM	Skeletal muscle mass	NR	29	NR	NR	94	43	Overall survival	OR = 14.4; 95%CI: 18.76-31.2
Valero et al[42]	United States	7	R	96	62	61	Liver resection liver transplantation	Total psoas area and total psoas volume	29	26	NR	NR	82	47	Complication rate	OR = 3.06; 95%CI: 1.07-8.52, P = 0.003
Englesbe et al[43]	United States	5	R	163	53	NR	Liver transplantation	Total psoas area and psoas density	NR	36	NR	NR	NR	NR	Overall survival rate	OR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.11-0.33, P = 0.001
Waits et al[44]	United States	8	R	348	51	62	Liver transplantation	Total psoas area and psoas density and age - summarized in new parameter "monomorphometric age"	NR	60	NR	NR	85	59	1 and 5 yr survival	OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.03-1.06, P = 0.001
Masuda et al[76]	Japanese	5	R	2014	48	50	Living donor liver transplantation	Total psoas area	18	60	NR	NR	75	89	1 and 5 yr survival	OR = 2,06; 95%CI: 1.1-4.2, P = 0.05
Kaido et al[32]	Japanese	6	P	124	54	NR	Living donor liver transplantation	Skeletal muscle mass and bioimpedance analysis	NR	60	NR	NR	80	73	1 and 5 yr survival	OR = 4.85; 95%CI: 2.092-11.79, P = 0.001
Peng et al[46]	United States	6	R	259	68	60	Liver resection for CRLM	Total psoas area	10	60	NR	NR	65	26	Postoperative complications	OR = 3.1; 95%CI: 1.14-8.29, P = 0.02
Amini et al[47]	United States	7	R	763	67	57	Pancreatic resection	Total psoas area and total psoas volume	48	24	0.5	48	76	24	Postoperative complications	OR = 1.79; 95%CI: 1.15-2.56, P = 0.002
Dale et al[33]	United States	9	P	76	67	55	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	Fried’s criteria, Short Physical Performance Battery, Vulnerable Elderly Survey	80	1	4	21	NR	NR	Postoperative complications	OR = 4.06, P = 0.01
Joglekar et al[48]	United States	6	R	118	65	75	Pancreatic resection	Total psoas index and psoas density	78	3	NR	23	NR	NR	Postoperative complications	OR = 2.78; 95%CI: 2.28-22, P = 0.02
Peng et al[45]	United States	6	R	557	66	53	Pancreatic resection	Total psoas area	47	36	NR	NR	62	3 a OS: 36	3 yr OS	OR = 1.68; 95%CI: 1.32-2.11; P = 0.001

¹According to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ranging from 1 to 9 stars. Age and OS are presented as median values unless indicated otherwise. NR: Not reported; OS: Overall survival; OR: Odds ratio; P: Prospective trial; P/R: Retrospective analysis on prospectively collected data; R: Retrospective trial.