Role of frailty and sarcopenia in predicting outcomes among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Table 2 Complies the characteristics of all studies evaluated in patients undergoing colorectal resections

Ref.	Country	Quality score1	Study design	Sample size	Age (yr)	Male sex (%)	Surgery type	Parameter used to define frailty	Postoperative complication rate	Follow-up (mo)	30-d morbidity (%)	30-d mortality (%)	1-yr OS (%)	5-yr OS (%)	Outcome parameter	Frailty/outcome (OR)
Rønning et al[67]	New Zealand	6	P	84	82	41	Colorectal surgery	Combined geriatric assessment	NR	22	NR	NR	NR	NR	No outcome analysis	NR - significant postoperative decrease of ADL
Obeid et al[36]	United States	5	R	58448	NR	48	Colectomy (33% malignant causes)	Canadian frailty index	26	NR	15.9	4.6	NR	NR	30 d mortality and morbidity	OR = 14.4; 95%CI: 18.76-31.2
Neuman et al[37]	United States	6	R	12979	84	39	Colectomy for colorectal cancer	Johns Hopkins adjusted case mix system	NR	16	NR	NR	85.7	NR	1 yr survival	OR = 8.4; 95%CI: 6.4-11.1, P = 0.001
Robinson et al[68]	United States	4	P	60	75	97	Colectomy for colorectal cancer	Individual frailty score	10	6	10	2	NR	NR	Hospital and health care costs	NR - significant association to costs and length of stay
Tran Ba Loc et al[29]	France	7	P	1186	76	NR	Major colorectal surgery	Elderly POSSUM score	41	3	NR	2	NR	NR	30 d mortality	AUC 0.86 (0.81-0.92)
Tan et al[31]	China	6	P	83	82	NR	Colorectal resections	Fried frailty criteria	22	NR	29	0	NR	NR	30 d morbidity	OR = 4.08; 95%CI: 1.43-11.64, P = 0.006
Sabel et al[38]	United States	5	R	302	68	52	Colorectal resection	Psoas area; Psoas density	58	34	NR	NR	NR	NR	No outcome analysis	NR
Lieffers et al[39]	Canada	5	R	234	63	135	Colorectal resection	Skeletal muscle index	6	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Postoperative complications	OR = 4.6; 95%CI: 1.513.9, P = 0.007
Reisinger et al[50]	The Netherlands	5	P/R	340	69	50	Colorectal resection	L3 muscle index	21	24	NR	4.5	NR	NR	Postoperative complications	OR = 43.3; 95%CI: 2.74-685.2, P = 0.007
Huang et al[30]	China	6	P	142	62	62	Colorectal resection	L3 muscle index and gait speed and grip strength	28	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Postoperative complications	OR = 4.524, 95%CI: 1.584-12.921, P = 0.007

¹According to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ranging from 1 to 9 stars. Age and OS are presented as median values unless indicated otherwise. NR: Not reported; OS: Overall survival; OR: Odds ratio; P: Prospective trial; P/R: Retrospective analysis on prospectively collected data; R: Retrospective trial.