Role of frailty and sarcopenia in predicting outcomes among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Table 1 Complies all studies evaluated in patients undergoing esophageal or gastric resection

Ref.	Country	Quality score1	Study design	Sample size	Age (yr)	Male sex (%)	Surgery type	Parameter used to define frailty	Postoperative complication rate	Follow-up (mo)	30-d morbidity (%)	30-d mortality (%)	1-yr OS (%)	5-yr OS (%)	Outcome parameter	Frailty/OS (OR)
Hodari et al[34]	United States	5	R	2095	NR	NR	Esophagectomy	Modified Canadian age index	17.8	NR	NR	NR	96	NR	Postoperative complications	OR = 31.84, P = 0.015
Sheetz et al[35]	United States	7	R	230	62	88	Transhiatal esophagectomy	Lean psoas area (L4 level)	57.8	12.8	NR	NR	11	0	Overall survival	OR = 0.456; 95%CI: 0.197-1.054; P = 0.067
Yip et al[26]	United Kingdom	5	P	36	63	86	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and esophagectomy	Body composition	26	30	26	0	NR	NR	No multivariate outcome analysis	NR - significant increase in complications and decrease in survival
Awad et al[27]	United Kingdom	7	P	47	63		Esophagectomy gastrectomy	Body composition	NR	24	NR	2.2	23.9	19	No multivariate outcome analysis	NR - significant increase in complications with frailty
Tegels et al[49]	The Netherlands	5	R/P		70	59	Gastrectomy	Groningen frailty index	28	6	NR	9.1	NR	NR	30-d mortality	3.96 (95%CI: 1.12-14.09, P = 0.03)

¹According to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ranging from 1 to 9 stars. Age and OS are presented as median values unless indicated otherwise. NR: Not reported; OS: Overall survival; OR: Odds ratio; P: Prospective trial; P/R: Retrospective analysis on prospectively collected data; R: Retrospective trial.