Endoscopic surgery - exploring the modalities

Table 3 Summary of reported outcome data for endoscopic restrictive gastroplasty

Technique	Study design	Excess BMI/weight loss (%)	Effects of comorbidities	Postoperative complications
Transoral gastroplasty[44]	Prospective multicentre study with 67 patients enrolled	52.2% for patients with baseline BMI < 40; 41.3% for patients baseline BMI > 40	Successful reduction of HbA1c to 5.7% (baseline of 7%), improvement in triglyceride level	2 patients had respiratory insufficiency and asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum, respectively. Both were successfully managed conservatively
	Average BMI: 41.5 (range 35.0-52.7)
	Follow up period: 12 mo
Endoluminal vertical gastroplasty using Bard EndoCinch suturing system[45]	Prospective, single centre observational study	Overall EWL of 58.1%	NE	No serious adverse events reported
	Average BMI: 39.9 (range 28.0-60.2)	Patients with BMI < 35 have highest EWL of 85.1%
	Follow up period: 12 mo
Endoscopic transmural gastric plication using Incisionless Operating Platform[30]	Prospective single centre	49.4% EWL at 6 mo	NE	Minor postoperative side effects, i.e., fever, sore throat, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and chest pain
	Average BMI: 36.7 (range 28.1-46.6)
	Follow up period: 6 mo

NE: Not evaluated; BMI: Body mass index; EWL: Excess weight loss.