Endoscopic surgery - exploring the modalities

Table 2 Randomised controlled trials that reported on no significant difference in major outcomes between transvaginal cholecystectomy and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Ref.	Study type	Type of TVC	Outcome
			Median/min Duration of surgery (min)		Median/min Length of stay (d)		Median/min Pain score
			TVC	CLC	TVC	CLC	TVC	CLC
Kilian et al[18]	RCT	Hybrid	68	55	3	4	1	3
Noguera et al[19]	RCT	Hybrid	64.85	47.04	1	1	3.94	4.65
Borchert et al[20]	RCT	Hybrid	65.1	64.2	2.81	2.81	1.81	2.03

These studies proved that TVC is not inferior to CLC. RCT: Randomised controlled trials; TVC: Transvaginal cholecystectomy; CLC: Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.