Current status of surgical treatment for fulminant clostridium difficile colitis

Table 3 Summary of indications for surgical management

Indicator	Carchman et al[6]	Bignardi et al[9]	Osman et al[14]	Butala et al[15]
Elevated WBC (count ×109)	> 35		> 16	> 16
Serum lactate (mmol/L)	> 2.2 consult		> 2.2	2.2-4.9
	> 5 operate
Peritoneal signs on physical examination including generalized abdominal pain	Present	Present	Present
Abdominal distension	Present	Present	Present
End organ (renal, respiratory) failure/dysfunction	Present		Present	Present
Hypotension (mmHg)	Present	< 90 systolic	< 90 systolic
Tachycardia (bpm)		> 100	> 100
Vasopressor requirement	Yes		Yes
Radiological findings of pancolitis, ascites, megacolon, or perforation	Present		Present
Age (yr)	> 80	> 70		> 65

WBC: White blood cell.