Enhanced recovery for colorectal surgery: Practical hints, results and future challenges

Table 3 Other colorectal studies involving enhanced recovery after surgery patients

Ref.	Type of study	Patients (n)	Approach	Comments
Soop et al[26]	RCT	9 vs 9	Complete or hypocaloric postoperative enteral nutrition on ERAS	Complete enteral nutritions was associated with minimal postop insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and nitrogen losses
King et al[12]	RCT	43 vs 19	Lap vs open resections on ERAS patients	Reduced hospital stay and with laparoscopic resections
King et al[13]	RCT	41 vs 19	Lap vs open resections on ERAS patients	Laparoscopic surgery achieves quicker return to daily activities
Kirdak et al[19]	RCT	14 vs 13	Preop. dexamethasone vs placebo on ERAS patients	Preoperative dexamethasone has no significant effects on the inflammatory response or outcomes
Turunen et al[10]	RCT	29 vs 29	Epidural anesthesia vs control for laparoscopic resection on ERAS	The epidural G. needed less oxycodone than the control G. Until 12 h postop. Epidural alleviated pain, reduced opioids requirements
Raymond et al[28]	Retrospective case series	179 vs 144	Lap vs open resections on ERAS patients	Laparoscopic surgery achieves quicker return to daily activities
Blazeby et al[15]	Prospective	20	Laparoscopic assisted and open	QOL evaluation. Patients liked quicker discharges, few were dissatisfied due to complications requiring readmissions
Senagore et al[35]	RCT	22 vs 21 vs 21	Standard vs lactated Ringer’s vs hetastarch-lactated Ringer’s periop fluid	Individualized intraoperative fluid management with crystalloid reduced overall fluid administration compared to colloid
Faiz et al[16]	Prospective non-randomized	191 vs 50	Lap vs open resections on ERAS patients	Laparoscopic has advantages over open approach also in ERAS patients
Wennstrom et al[11]	Prospective	32	ERAS	Postoperative survey on QOL following discharge: fatigue, nausea and bowel disturbances
Ahmed et al[25]	Case series	100 vs 95	ERAS audit protocols application vs ERAS clinical practice	Observance to ERAS protocol was lower outside clinical trials

RCT: Randomized controlled trial; ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery; QOL: Quality of life; Preop.: Preoperative; Postop.: Postoperative.