Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Apr 27, 2025; 17(4): 104884
Published online Apr 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i4.104884
Table 3 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in the validation set stratified by survival status, n (%)
Characteristic
Overall (n = 255)
Survivors (n = 212)
Non-survivors (n = 43)
P value
Age (year)51.00(64.44-37.56)50.68(37.02-64.34)52.58(40.25-64.91)0.4
Sex---0.717
Male184 (72.16)152 (71.70)32 (74.42)-
Female71 (27.84)60 (28.30)11 (25.58)-
Pre-TIPS Child-Turcotte-Pugh class---0.782
A125 (49.02)106 (50.00)19 (44.19)-
B113 (44.31)92 (43.40)21 (48.84)-
C17 (6.67)14 (6.60)3 (6.98)-
Etiology---0.397
Alcohol36 (14.12)27 (12.74)9 (20.93)-
Autoimmune liver disease9 (3.53)9 (4.25)0 (0.00)-
Cryptogenic72 (28.24)61 (28.77)11 (25.58)-
Drug-induced liver injury3 (1.18)3 (1.42)0 (0.00)-
Hepatitis B virus124 (48.63)104 (49.06)20 (46.51)-
Hepatitis C virus11 (4.31)8 (3.77)3 (6.98)-
Pre-TIPS portal venous pressure (mmHg)33.04 (29.00-38.00)33.00 (28.88-37.00)36.00 (30.52-39.40)0.034a
Post-TIPS portal venous pressure (mmHg)21.83 (15.27-28.39)21.93(15.54-28.32)21.31(13.90-28.72)0.57
Pre-TIPS inferior vena cava pressure (mmHg)8.00 (6.00-10.00)8.00 (6.00-10.00)9.00 (6.00-10.00)0.156
Post-TIPS inferior vena cava pressure (mmHg)10.00 (8.00-12.00)9.00 (7.00-11.25)11.00 (8.00-13.26)0.087
Pre-TIPS portal pressure gradient (mmHg)26.00 (21.66-29.00)25.00 (21.23-29.00)27.05 (23.00-31.00)0.097
Post-TIPS porta pressure gradient (mmHg)11.02 (7.00-15.53)11.65 (7.88-15.60)10.78 (5.00-15.00)0.108
Portal vein diameter (mm)12.70 (10.20-15.85)13.00 (11.00-16.07)10.20 (8.61-12.20)< 0.001b
Right hepatic vein wedge pressure (mmHg)27.00 (23.00-31.77)27.00 (22.00-31.00)27.00 (26.00-35.15)0.086
Right hepatic vein free pressure (mmHg)10.75 (8.00-12.00)10.75 (8.00-12.00)10.75 (9.00-13.00)0.571
Pre-TIPS right atrial pressure (mmHg)6.13 (4.25-7.00)6.13 (4.00-6.82)6.13 (6.00-8.00)0.133
Pre-TIPS Child-Turcotte-Pugh score7.00 (6.00-8.00)6.50 (6.00-8.00)7.00 (6.00-8.00)0.419
Pre-TIPS MELD score59.59 (56.59-62.66)59.63 (56.60-62.49)58.73 (56.61-64.72)0.452
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)22.10 (15.90-34.30)22.30 (16.40-32.92)21.80 (14.85-38.40)0.813
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)10.50 (6.95-15.30)10.45 (7.20-14.68)11.30 (6.25-18.50)0.574
Indirect bilirubin (μmol/L)12.20 (8.95-19.82)12.25 (9.28-19.65)11.70 (7.46-20.25)0.599
Creatinine (μmol/L)62.00 (51.50-73.00)60.00 (50.00-70.00)72.00 (63.50-86.50)< 0.001b
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)21.00 (13.50-29.00)19.50 (13.00-29.00)21.00 (15.00-31.00)0.371
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)27.00 (21.00-41.50)27.00 (21.00-39.00)30.00 (22.00-46.50)0.244
Kalium (mmol/L)3.91(3.45-4.37)3.94(3.50-4.38)3.77 (3.27-4.27)0.022a
Natrium (mmol/L)140.00(138.00-142.00)140.00(138.00-142.00)140.00 (138.00-142.00)0.681
Chlorine (mmol/L)107.00(104.00-109.00)107.00(104.00-109.00)107.00 (103.00-111.00)0.252
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)90.00 (67.00-136.50)90.00(66.75-127.39)94.00 (68.50-164.63)0.35
Glutamyl transferase (U/L)41.00 (19.00-78.50)41.00 (18.00-74.00)34.00 (25.00-108.00)0.225
Serum urea nitrogen (mmol/L)4.78 (3.90-6.29)4.79 (3.88-6.22)4.74 (4.06-7.54)0.352
Total protein (g/L)66.47 (62.41-71.65)66.33 (62.48-71.50)66.51 (61.85-72.45)0.964
Albumin (g/L)35.51(30.44-40.58)35.87 (30.92-40.82)33.74 (28.44-39.04)0.012a
International normalized Ratio1.30 (1.16-1.44)1.31 (1.17-1.44)1.24 (1.14-1.52)0.505
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s)33.20 (31.20-36.00)33.10 (31.08-35.70)34.70 (31.40-37.20)0.125
Prothrombin time (s)14.40 (12.80-16.00)14.40 (12.97-16.00)13.70 (12.60-16.70)0.472
Prothrombin time activity (%)65.39 (49.85-80.93)65.45 (50.32-80.58)65.05 (47.44-82.66)0.876
Fibrinogen (g/L)2.01 (1.62-2.54)2.01 (1.61-2.53)2.22 (1.69-2.79)0.343
Blood ammonia (μmol/L)43.40 (32.95-62.85)43.25 (32.00-60.83)44.30 (35.20-64.60)0.264
White blood cell count (× 109/L)2.72 (1.86-4.23)2.69 (1.82-4.16)3.02 (2.23-4.79)0.084
Hemoglobin (× 1012/L)86.00 (75.00-104.00)88.00 (75.75-106.25)81.00 (71.00-95.50)0.069
Platelet count (× 109/L)76.00 (52.00-123.50)79.50 (51.00-124.25)73.00 (59.00-123.50)0.897
Alpha fetoprotein (ng/mL)156.85 (2.66-428.81)7.46 (2.38-365.37)408.14 (307.14-1191.07)< 0.001b
Carcinoembryonic antigen (ng/mL)2.64 (1.60-3.75)2.65 (1.56-3.66)2.63 (1.77-4.48)0.716
Carbohydrate antigen 125 (U/mL)100.70 (33.20-204.23)91.51 (30.60-178.03)166.87 (41.43-270.85)0.049a
Cancer antigen 15-3 (U/mL)10.40 (7.10-14.65)10.25 (7.00-14.62)10.80 (7.95-14.85)0.829
Glycosylated chain antigen CA199 (U/mL)9.26 (4.07-15.26)9.01 (4.01-15.26)15.26 (5.02-15.26)0.068