Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal the mechanism by which Xiaozhiling injection treats internal hemorrhoids

Figure 2 Spatial transcriptome map of internal hemorrhoid tissue. A: Hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of internal hemorrhoid tissue; B: Spatial transcriptome; C: Differences in expression of the classic marker genes collagen 3 alpha 1, decorin, and actin alpha 2 in fibroblasts; D: Spatial localization of the classic marker genes collagen 3 alpha 1, decorin, and actin alpha 2 in fibroblasts; E: Spatial distribution of sphingosine kinase 1, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and transforming growth factor-β1; F: Differences in gene expression of sphingosine kinase 1, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and transforming growth factor-β1. COL3A1: Collagen 3 alpha 1; DCN: Decorin; ACTA2: Actin alpha 2; Sphk1: Sphingosine kinase 1; S1PR1: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1.