Perioperative risk factors for prognosis in patients undergoing radical esophagectomy: A retrospective study

Table 4 Patient characteristics by analgesic use duration after esophagectomy, n (%)

Baseline characteristic	Short-term analgesic use (n = 149)	Long-term analgesic use (n = 229)	t value or χ2	P value
Age			5.87	0.02
< 65 years	96 (64.43)	118 (51.53)
≥ 65 years	53 (35.57)	111 (48.47)
Gender			0.22	0.64
Male	117 (78.52)	175 (76.42)
Female	32 (21.48)	54 (23.58)
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	23.25 ± 3.15	23.01 ± 3.24	0.72	0.47
Hypertension			0.64	0.42
No	107 (71.81)	139 (60.70)
Yes	42 (28.19)	90 (39.30)
Diabetes			0.55	0.46
No	126 (84.56)	172 (75.11)
Yes	23 (15.44)	57 (24.89)
Smoking history			0.74	0.39
No	66 (44.30)	90 (39.30)
Yes	83 (55.70)	139 (60.70)
History of drinking			0.89	0.35
No	71 (47.65)	98 (42.79)
Yes	78 (52.35)	131 (57.21)
Chronic gastritis			0.52	0.47
No	104 (69.80)	167 (72.93)
Yes	45 (30.20)	62 (27.07)
ASA classification			0.65	0.42
III	133 (89.26)	179 (78.17)
IV	16 (10.74)	50 (21.83)
NYHA classification			1.24	0.54
I	108 (72.48)	148 (64.63)
II	34 (22.82)	55 (24.02)
III	7 (4.70)	26 (11.35)
Glomerular filtration rate			2.24	0.14
< 90 mL/minute/1.73 m²	50 (33.56)	92 (40.17)
≥ 90 mL/minute/1.73 m²	99 (66.44)	137 (59.83)

CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; NYHA: New York Heart Association.