Nomogram for predicting myocardial injury in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation for biliary atresia

Table 2 Clinical data of patients in the training and validation sets, n (%)

	Training set (n = 225)	Validation set (n = 96)	P value
Preoperative clinical data
Age (month)	8.0 (6.0, 12.0)	9.0 (6.0, 16.3)	0.434
Male gender	108 (48.0)	47 (49.0)	0.972
Weight (kg)	7.3 (6.5, 9.5)	7.5 (6.5, 10.0)	0.742
Height (cm)	67 (64, 76)	67 (63, 79)	0.621
QTc (ms)	405 (387, 423)	407 (387, 422)	0.862
LVEF (%)	64 (62, 67)	65 (62, 67)	0.693
NLR	0.79 (0.51, 1.28)	0.78 (0.49, 1.43)	0.878
PLR	39.5 (27.5, 55.0)	42.5 (30.3, 55.2)	0.111
hsCRP (mg/L)	5.31 (2.53, 13.93)	5.04 (1.95, 10.63)	0.262
Albumin (g/L)	34.5 (32.0, 38.3)	34.3 (31.7, 38.3)	0.338
TB (μmol/L)	226 (78, 317)	223 (65, 314)	0.372
AST (U/L)	190 (123, 306)	191 (108, 294)	0.488
ALT (U/L)	115 (68, 179)	107 (72, 154)	0.680
Creatinine (μmol/L)	13.0 (11.0, 16.0)	13.0 (11.0, 15.0)	0.933
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD	93 ± 16	93 ± 17	0.916
Platelet (109/L)	190 (128, 250)	184 (118, 265)	0.451
INR	1.40 (1.13, 1.82)	1.38 (1.13, 1.83)	0.953
PELD score			0.937
< 14.5	73 (32.4)	30 (31.3)
≥ 14.5	152 (67.6)	66 (68.8)
Graft-related data
Graft weight (g)	244 (218, 277)	246 (212, 281)	0.849
Graft CIT (minute)	85 (66, 112)	88 (68, 119)	0.556
Intraoperative clinical data
Laboratory test results before reperfusion
pH, mean ± SD	7.39 ± 0.07	7.38 ± 0.07	0.223
Base excess (mmol/L)	-4.40 (-6.20, -2.20)	-4.40 (-6.82, -2.85)	0.630
Lactate (mmol/L)	2.60 (2.00, 3.40)	2.70 (2.20, 3.40)	0.503
Hemoglobin (g/L)	84 (74, 92)	81 (73, 92)	0.572
K (mmol/L)	3.80 (3.50, 4.10)	3.65 (3.40, 4.03)	0.139
Ca (mmol/L)	1.09 (1.01, 1.17)	1.08 (1.01, 1.14)	0.306
Vital signs before reperfusion
Heart rate (beats/minute), mean ± SD	116 ± 13	118 ± 12	0.202
MAP (mmHg)	59 (52, 66)	58 (53, 64)	0.736
CVP (mmHg)	5 (3, 7)	5 (3, 7)	0.539
Temperature (°C)	36.5 (35.9, 37.0)	36.5 (36.0, 37.1)	0.570
Anhepatic phase duration (minute)	49 (41, 59)	46 (40, 55)	0.063
PRS			0.611
No	125 (55.6)	57 (59.4)
Yes	100 (44.4)	39 (40.6)
Data at the end of surgery
Blood loss (mL)	300 (230, 400)	300 (200, 400)	0.079
RBCs transfusion (units)	2.0 (2.0, 3.0)	2.0 (2.0, 2.5)	0.117
FFP infusion (mL)	0 (0, 150)	0 (0, 135)	0.650
Fluid infusion (mL)	1400 (1109, 1745)	1334 (1100, 1652)	0.403
Urine volume (mL)	400 (260, 600)	425 (300, 600)	0.628
Surgical time (minute)	540 (480, 596)	550 (504, 601)	0.070
Anaesthesia time (minute)	615 (555, 649)	625 (579, 663)	0.066
Myocardial injury	105 (46.7)	45 (46.9)	0.973
Postoperative clinical data
Ventilation time (minute)	205 (135, 320)	208 (139, 350)	0.729
ICU stay (day)	2.0 (2.0, 3.0)	3.0 (2.0, 3.1)	0.101
AKI			0.839
No	167 (74.2)	73 (76.0)
Yes	58 (25.8)	23 (24.0)
Liver function tests during the initial week following LDLT
Peak TB (μmol/L)	83 (56, 121)	86 (56, 111)	0.700
Peak AST (U/L)	699 (483, 1333)	691 (497, 1220)	0.762
Peak ALT (U/L)	588 (408, 1084)	579 (385, 1096)	0.603
Hospital stay (day)	21 (17, 26)	21 (16, 29)	0.609
One-year survival rate	215 (95.6)	91 (94.8)	0.776

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; hsCRP: High sensitivity C-reactive protein; TB: Total bilirubin; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; INR: International normalized ratio; PELD: Pediatric end-stage liver disease; CIT: Cold ischemia time; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; CVP: Central venous pressure; PRS: Postreperfusion syndrome; RBC: Red blood cell; FFP: Fresh frozen plasma; ICU: Intensive care unit; AKI: Acute kidney injury; LDLT: Living donor liver transplantation.