Prediction of perioperative complications in colorectal cancer via artificial intelligence analysis of heart rate variability

Table 1 Patient characteristics, n (%)/mean ± SD

Parameters	Perioperative complications	Non-perioperative complications	P value
Gender
Male	8 (14.5)	47 (85.5)	0.892
Female	5 (15.6)	27 (84.4)
Age	61.85 ± 13.48	61.24 ± 10.70	0.857
BMI	22.54 ± 1.48	24.33 ± 3.20	0.052
Underlying illnesses
Heart disease	1 (6.8)	5 (7.7)	0.444
Hypertension	2 (40.5)	30 (15.4)
Diabetes	1 (7.7)	12 (16.2)
Lung disease	0 (0)	1 (1.4)
Nervous system disease	0 (0)	1 (1.4)
Preoperative levels
White blood cell (109/L)	6.35 ± 1.97	5.52 ± 1.75	0.130
Albumin (g/L)	39.35 ± 3.32	37.53 ± 4.62	0.329
Hb (g/L)	125.54 ± 19.54	122.55 ± 23.60	0.668
Surgical excision sites
TME	5 (41.7)	27 (36.5)	0.56
Anterior resection	4 (33.3)	15 (20.3)
Sigmoidectomy	0 (0)	6 (8.1)
Left hemicolectomy	1 (8.3)	3 (4.1)
Right hemicolectomy	2 (16.7)	23 (31.1)
ASA Score
1	3 (23.1)	18 (24.3)	0.936
2	7 (53.8)	36 (48.6)
3	3 (23.1)	20 (27.0)
Stage of cancer
0	0	1 (1.5%)	0.719
I	2 (15.4)	14 (20.6)
II	4 (30.8)	29 (42.6)
III	7 (53.8)	23 (33.8)
IV	0(0)	1 (1.5)

BMI: Body mass index; TME: Total mesorectal excision; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.