Randomized Controlled Trial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Apr 27, 2025; 17(4): 100806
Published online Apr 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i4.100806
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants, n (%)
Characteristic
Intervention group (n = 100)
Control group (n = 100)
P value
Age, years (mean ± SD)73.5 ± 6.274.1 ± 5.90.47
Male sex58 (58)55 (55)0.67
BMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)24.3 ± 3.824.7 ± 4.10.46
APACHE II score (mean ± SD)18.3 ± 5.717.9 ± 6.10.63
Type of surgery
Gastric28 (28)30 (30)0.75
Colorectal45 (45)42 (42)0.67
Hepatobiliary18 (18)20 (20)0.72
Pancreatic9 (9)8 (8)0.80
Comorbidities
Hypertension62 (62)59 (59)0.66
Diabetes mellitus35 (35)38 (38)0.66
Coronary artery disease28 (28)25 (25)0.63
COPD15 (15)18 (18)0.57
Chronic kidney disease12 (12)10 (10)0.65
Mechanical ventilation78 (78)75 (75)0.61
Vasopressor use45 (45)48 (48)0.67