Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Mar 27, 2025; 17(3): 99597
Published online Mar 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i3.99597
Figure 4
Figure 4 Comparison of pre- and post-operative stress levels between the two groups. A: Cortisol levels; B: Epinephrine levels; C: Norepinephrine levels. aP < 0.05 compared with preoperative; bP < 0.05 compared with control group postoperatively.