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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Mar 27, 2025; 17(3): 99425
Published online Mar 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i3.99425
Published online Mar 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i3.99425
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 94 patients with bile duct leaks, n (%)
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 94) | < 3 weeks (n = 50) | > 3 weeks (n = 44) | P value |
| Basic demographics | ||||
| Sex | - | - | - | 0.392 |
| Female | 28 (29.8) | 13 (26) | 15 (34.1) | - |
| Male | 66 (70.2) | 37 (74) | 29 (65.9) | - |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 52.5 ± 12.9 | 54.1 ± 13.3 | 50.6 ± 12.4 | 0.192 |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 23.1 ± 3.4 | 23.1 ± 3.2 | 23.1 ± 3.7 | 0.830 |
| CCI, (Q1, Q3) | 3 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) | 3 (1, 5) | 0.163 |
| Laboratory test within 3 days before ERCP | ||||
| WBC, × 109/L (Q1, Q3) | 8.2 (6.3, 16.9) | 8.5 (7.2, 11.6) | 8.1(6.0, 12.8) | 0.909 |
| ALT, U/L (Q1, Q3) | 36.4 (25.9, 80.6) | 32.3 (25.9, 57.3) | 38 (24.7, 98.0) | 0.480 |
| Tbil, μmol/L (Q1, Q3) | 20.2 (12.3, 38.8) | 20.5 (13.5, 60.0) | 18.5 (11.7, 36.5) | 0.191 |
| Albumin, g/L, mean ± SD | 35.2 ± 5.9 | 35.4 ± 6.8 | 35.0 ± 4.8 | 0.728 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L (Q1, Q3) | 58.4 (48.9, 71.7) | 57.2 (46.6, 71.1) | 59.2 (46.4, 71.2) | 0.796 |
| Etiology of BDLs | - | - | - | 0.307 |
| Cholecystectomy | 65 (69.1) | 39 (78.0) | 26 (59.1) | - |
| Liver transplantation | 13 (13.8) | 6 (12.0) | 7 (15.9) | - |
| Partial hepatectomy | 8 (8.5) | 3 (6.0) | 5 (11.4) | - |
| Trauma | 4 (4.3) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (6.8) | - |
| Others | 4 (4.3) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (6.8) | - |
| Treatment methods | - | - | - | 0.149 |
| Plastic stent | 52 (55.3) | 28 (56) | 32 (64) | - |
| 5 Fr | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.5) | - |
| 7 Fr | 3 (3.2) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0) | - |
| 8.5 Fr | 12 (12.8) | 5 (10.0) | 7 (15.9) | - |
| 10 Fr | 35 (37.2) | 20 (40.0) | 23 (52.3) | - |
| Metal stent (10 mm) | 3 (3.2) | 2 (4.0) | 1 (2.3) | - |
| Nasobiliary drainage tube | 31 (33.0) | 20 (40.0) | 11 (25.0) | - |
| Procedure characteristics | ||||
| Location of BDLs | - | - | - | 0.488 |
| Cystic duct | 53 (56.4) | 29 (58.0) | 24 (54.5) | - |
| Common bile duct | 20 (21.3) | 10 (20.0) | 10 (22.7) | - |
| Hilar bile duct | 12 (12.8) | 8 (16.0) | 4 (9.1) | - |
| Intrahepatic bile duct | 9 (9.6) | 3 (6.0) | 6 (13.6) | - |
| Abdominal drainage | 76 (80.9) | 42 (84.0) | 34 (77.3) | 0.410 |
| Strasberg classification | - | - | - | 0.259 |
| A | 38 (40.4) | 24 (48.0) | 14 (31.8) | - |
| C | 11 (11.7) | 5 (10.0) | 6 (13.6) | - |
| D | 32 (34.0) | 13 (26.0) | 19 (43.2) | - |
| E1 | 5 (5.3) | 4 (8.0) | 1 (2.3) | - |
| E2 | 8 (8.5) | 4 (8.0) | 4 (9.1) | - |
- Citation: Chen DX, Fang KX, Chen SX, Hou SL, Wen GH, Yang HK, Shi DP, Lu QX, Zhai YQ, Li MY. Optimal timing of endoscopic biliary drainage for bile duct leaks: A multicenter, retrospective, clinical study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(3): 99425
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i3/99425.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i3.99425