Patient selection and operative strategies for laparoscopic intersphincteric resection without diverting stoma

Table 4 Clinical characteristics and outcomes between the high-risk and low-risk cohorts of anastomotic leakage patients

Variables	High-risk cohort of AL (n = 408)	Low-risk cohort of AL (n = 97)	P value
Tumor size, median (range) mm			0.212
> 35	208 (60.0)	42 (43.3)
≤ 35	200 (40.0)	55 (56.7)
Differentiation status			0.625
Poor	61 (15.0)	12 (12.4)
Well-moderate	347 (85.0)	85 (87.6)
pT stage			0.014
0-2	160 (39.2)	52 (53.6)
3	248 (60.8)	45 (46.4)
pN stage			0.267
N+	149 (36.5)	29 (29.9)
N0	259 (63.5)	68 (70.1)
M stage			0.140
M1	9 (2.2)	0 (0)
M0	399 (97.8)	97 (100)
pTNM stage			0.047
I-II	252 (61.8)	71 (73.2)
III-IV	156 (38.2)	26 (26.8)
Tumor height from anal verge, median (range) cm			0.530
≤ 4.0	309 (75.7)	77 (79.4)
> 4.0	99 (24.3)	20 (20.6)
Operative time, median (range) min	164 (130-195)	175 (139-218)	0.006
Blood loss, median (range) mL	50 (20-50)	50 (20-100)	0.003
Conversion to open surgery	0 (0)	0 (0)	1
Postoperative complication	67 (16.4)	7 (7.2)	0.021
CD grade I-II	46 (11.3)	5 (5.2)	0.072
CD grade ≥ III	21 (5.1)	2 (2.1)	0.299
AL	42 (10.3)	2 (2.1)	0.010
Grade A-B	35 (8.6)	2 (2.1)	0.027
Grade C	7 (1.7)	0 (0)	0.415
Mortality	3 (0.7)	0 (0)	0.397
Reoperation	10 (2.5)	1 (1.0)	0.635
Postoperative hospital stay (day)	9 (4-50)	10 (4-47)	0.081
Anastomosis recurrence	7 (1.7)	1 (1.0)	0.974

Data presented as n (%). AL: Anastomotic leakage; CD: Clavien-Dindo.