Initial experience with ultrafine choledochoscopy combined with low-dose atropine for the treatment of Oddi intersphincter stones

Figure 2 The process of Oddi intersphincter stone removal by ultrafine choledochoscopy combined with low-dose atropine through the gallbladder duct. A: After retrograde cholecystectomy, the anterior wall of the gallbladder duct was cut longitudinal at 0.5 mm from the common bile duct; B: Ultrafine choledochoscopy was inserted through the gallbladder duct to explore the common bile duct; C: Routine exploration of common bile duct to the terminal sphincter of Oddi showed no residual stone; D: The ultrafine choledochoscopy entered into the sphincter of Oddi, and the stones were embedded in the lower zone; E: By using atropine, the stones were pushed into the intestinal cavity; F: The surgical field of relaxation of Oddi sphincter after stone removal.