Impact of diabetes on recovery after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Mean quality of life scores at 3, 6, and 12 months following surgery, mean ± SD

Domain	Time point	Diabetic	Non-diabetic	Mean difference (95%CI)	P value
Physical functioning	3 months	65.2 ± 18.7	73.5 ± 16.9	-8.3 (-11.7 to -4.9)	< 0.001
	6 months	71.8 ± 17.3	78.9 ± 15.6	-7.1 (-10.2 to -4.0)	< 0.001
	12 months	75.6 ± 16.1	81.2 ± 14.8	-5.6 (-8.5 to -2.7)	< 0.001
Fatigue	3 months	43.7 ± 22.4	36.5 ± 20.1	7.2 (4.1 to 10.3)	< 0.001
	6 months	38.9 ± 20.8	33.1 ± 18.7	5.8 (2.9 to 8.7)	< 0.001
	12 months	35.2 ± 19.5	30.8 ± 17.9	4.4 (1.7 to 7.1)	0.002
Pain	3 months	32.8 ± 24.6	26.3 ± 22.1	6.5 (3.2 to 9.8)	< 0.001
	6 months	28.5 ± 22.9	23.7 ± 20.8	4.8 (1.7 to 7.9)	0.003
	12 months	25.1 ± 21.3	21.4 ± 19.5	3.7 (0.8 to 6.6)	0.013
Reflux symptoms	3 months	26.9 ± 22.7	21.1 ± 19.8	5.8 (2.7 to 8.9)	0.002
	6 months	24.3 ± 21.1	19.8 ± 18.5	4.5 (1.6 to 7.4)	0.004
	12 months	22.7 ± 20.3	18.9 ± 17.9	3.8 (1.1 to 6.5)	0.006
Eating restrictions	3 months	38.6 ± 24.9	31.5 ± 22.3	7.1 (3.9 to 10.3)	< 0.001
	6 months	34.2 ± 23.1	28.7 ± 20.8	5.5 (2.5 to 8.5)	< 0.001
	12 months	31.3 ± 21.7	26.9 ± 19.5	4.4 (1.6 to 7.2)	0.002

Higher scores indicate better physical functioning and worse symptoms/problems in other domains.