Personalized nutritional care for immune function recovery in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery patients: An observational study

Table 4 Changes in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire scores over time, mean ± SD

Scale	Baseline	Week 4	Week 12	P value
Global health status/QoL	62.3 ± 18.5	70.1 ± 16.9	78.6 ± 15.7	< 0.001
Physical functioning	75.2 ± 20.3	82.7 ± 18.5	89.5 ± 16.8	< 0.001
Role functioning	68.7 ± 25.6	77.3 ± 22.9	85.9 ± 20.1	< 0.001
Emotional functioning	71.5 ± 22.8	79.4 ± 20.3	86.2 ± 18.7	< 0.001
Cognitive functioning	83.9 ± 17.2	87.5 ± 15.8	90.8 ± 14.3	< 0.001
Social functioning	70.6 ± 24.1	79.2 ± 21.5	86.7 ± 19.2	< 0.001
Fatigue	42.8 ± 26.3	32.5 ± 23.7	24.1 ± 20.9	< 0.001
Pain	28.7 ± 25.9	18.3 ± 20.6	11.5 ± 16.8	< 0.001
Appetite loss	31.2 ± 30.5	20.8 ± 25.3	12.4 ± 19.7	< 0.001

P values represent the overall change over time (repeated-measures ANOVA). Higher scores represent better functioning for functional scales and global quality of life and worse symptoms for symptom scales. QoL: Quality of life.