Personalized nutritional care for immune function recovery in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery patients: An observational study

Table 3 Changes in nutritional parameters over time, mean ± SD

Parameter	Baseline	Week 1	Week 2	Week 4	P value
Body weight (kg)	68.5 ± 12.3	66.2 ± 11.8	67.1 ± 12.0	68.9 ± 12.5	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	24.3 ± 3.8	23.5 ± 3.6	23.8 ± 3.7	24.5 ± 3.9	< 0.001
MAMC (cm)	25.8 ± 3.2	24.9 ± 3.0	25.5 ± 3.1	26.3 ± 3.3	< 0.001
Prealbumin (mg/dL)	25.3 ± 5.7	18.6 ± 4.2	22.9 ± 5.1	28.4 ± 6.3	< 0.001
Transferrin (mg/dL)	220 ± 45	185 ± 38	205 ± 42	235 ± 48	< 0.001
Handgrip strength (kg)	28.5 ± 8.2	24.7 ± 7.1	26.9 ± 7.7	30.2 ± 8.6	< 0.001

P values represent overall change over time (repeated-measures ANOVA). BMI: Body mass index; MAMC: Mid-arm muscle circumference.