Personalized nutritional care for immune function recovery in postoperative gastrointestinal surgery patients: An observational study

Table 2 Changes in immune function markers over time, mean ± SD

Marker	Baseline	Week 1	Week 2	Week 4	P value
CD4+ T cells (cells/μL)	820 ± 210	650 ± 180	750 ± 200	1025 ± 250	< 0.001
CD8+ T cells (cells/μL)	510 ± 150	420 ± 130	480 ± 140	590 ± 160	< 0.001
NK cells (cells/μL)	220 ± 80	180 ± 70	210 ± 75	250 ± 85	< 0.001
IL-6 (pg/mL)	5.2 ± 2.1	45.6 ± 15.3	22.3 ± 8.7	3.1 ± 1.8	< 0.001
TNF-α (pg/mL)	12.5 ± 4.3	28.7 ± 9.5	18.9 ± 6.2	10.8 ± 3.9	< 0.001
IL-10 (pg/mL)	3.8 ± 1.5	8.9 ± 3.2	6.5 ± 2.4	5.2 ± 1.9	< 0.001
IgG (g/L)	10.5 ± 2.3	8.7 ± 2.0	9.6 ± 2.1	10.8 ± 2.4	< 0.001

P values represent the overall change over time (repeated-measures measures ANOVA). TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: Interleukin.