Effect of nalbuphine on analgesia and pain factors after gastric cancer resection

Table 3 Comparison of pain-related factor expression between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Group	PGE2 (pg/mL)		5-HT (ng/mL)		SP (μg/mL)
	Preoperative	24 hours after surgery	Preoperative	24 hours after surgery	Preoperative	24 hours after surgery
Observation (n = 54)	98.82 ± 12.07	138.84 ± 15.61a	121.28 ± 26.36	178.82 ± 31.35a	0.80 ± 0.21	1.48 ± 0.23a
Control (n = 54)	101.06 ± 15.63	169.86 ± 18.82a	118.84 ± 27.49	226.81 ± 36.71a	0.79 ± 0.20	1.96 ± 0.34a
t	0.834	9.323	0.471	7.305	0.253	8.593
P value	0.406	< 0.001	0.639	< 0.001	0.800	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05, compared with the preoperative procedure.

PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; 5-HT: Serotonin; SP: Substance P.