Perioperative chemotherapy improves survival of patients with locally advanced diffuse gastric cancer

Table 3 Univariable and multivariable Cox Regression analyses of factors associated with overall survival of patients with diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma

Characteristic	Univariable analysis HR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariable analysis HR (95%CI)	P value
Age
≤ 45	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
45-70	1.435 (1.201-1.716)	< 0.001	1.229 (1.026-1.471)	0.025
≥ 70	2.375 (1.989-2.837)	< 0.001	1.791 (1.490-2.153)	< 0.001
Sex
Male	1 (Reference)
Female	0.973 (0.886-1.068)	0.566
Race
White	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Black	0.919 (0.792-1.067)	0.269	1.027 (0.883-1.194)	0.733
Asian	0.741 (0.657-0.835)	< 0.001	0.789 (0.698-0.891)	< 0.001
Other	0.867 (0.592-1.270)	0.464	1.394 (0.947-2.054)	0.093
Diagnosis period
2004-2010	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
2010-2020	0.692 (0.629-0.761)	< 0.001	0.888 (0.799-0.986)	0.026
Tumor location
Upper one-third	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Middle one-third	0.813 (0.693-0.955)	0.012	0.838 (0.711-0.987)	0.034
Lower one-third	0.996 (0.851-1.165)	0.956	0.954 (0.813-1.120)	0.568
Overlapping	1.317 (1.096-1.581)	0.003	1.099 (0.911-1.325)	0.324
Unknown	1.436 (1.193-1.729)	< 0.001	1.268 (1.049-1.532)	0.014
Histology type
Diffuse	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Signet-ring cell carcinoma	0.948 (0.853-1.054)	0.322	0.995 (0.894-1.108)	0.929
Linitis plastica	1.821 (1.367-2.424)	< 0.001	1.514 (1.130-2.029)	0.006
Grade
Well/moderately differentiated	1 (Reference)
Poorly/undifferentiated	0.823 (0.612-1.107)	0.198
T stage
1	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
2	1.171 (0.861-1.593)	0.314	1.449 (1.064-1.975)	0.019
3	2.376 (1.856-3.041)	< 0.001	2.586 (2.012-3.324)	< 0.001
4	3.924 (3.062-5.029)	< 0.001	3.852 (2.987-4.967)	< 0.001
N stage
0	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
1	1.230 (1.066-1.419)	0.005	1.534 (1.325-1.777)	< 0.001
2	1.906 (1.660-2.188)	< 0.001	2.043 (1.777-2.350)	< 0.001
3	2.496 (2.192-2.841)	< 0.001	2.342 (2.049-2.677)	< 0.001
Treatment
Surgery alone	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	0.426 (0.380-0.478)	< 0.001	0.551 (0.484-0.629)	< 0.001
Adjuvant chemotherapy	0.519 (0.458-0.587)	< 0.001	0.552 (0.484-0.629)	< 0.001

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.